· Political Bosses
o To gain voters
§ Did favors for people
· Turkey dinners and summer boat rides
§ Provided jobs for immigrants
§ Helped needy families
o To gain monies
§ Accepted bribes
§ Received campaign contributions from contractors hoping to do business in the city
§ Accepted kickbacks
· An arrangement in which contractors padded the amount of their bill for city work for city work
o “Kicked back” a percentage of that amount to the bosses
· Acts
o Pendleton Act
§ 1883
§ Established Civil Service Commission
§ Set up competitive exams for federal jobs
· Applicants had to demonstrate their abilities
o Sherman Antitrust Act
§ 1890
§ First federal law to control trusts and monopolies
o Interstate Commerce Act
§ 1887
§ Required railroads to charge reasonable and just rates and to publish those rates
o Meat Inspection Act
§ 1906
§ Prevent adulterated or misbranded meat products from being sold
o Pure Food and Drug Act
§ 1906
§ Requiring accurate labeling of food and medicine and banning the sale of harmful food
· Eugene V. Debs
o Helped find the American Socialist Party in 1898
o Ran for president FIVE times but never received more than 6% of the popular vote
· Muckrakers
o Journalists who exposed injustices and corruption
o Wrote newspaper and magazine articles that brought problems to the attention of the public
· Oregon System
o Initiative
§ Allowed citizens to place a measure or issue on the ballot in a stat election
o Referendum
§ Gave voters the opportunity to accept or reject measure that the state legislator enacted
o Recall
§ Enabled voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from their jobs
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