Final Study Questions

World War II


1) What was Lend-Lease? 
A program in which the US supplies other Allied forces with supplies.


2) Discuss the BATTLE OF BRITAIN
An air force battle over Britain between them and Germany. Germany wanted to gain power of the Royal AIr Force so the bombed the crap out of Great Britain. But Germany failed to reach their objective.


3) What were some of the reasons isolationists wanted to stay out of the war? 


4) What was the traditional definition of Fascism? Who were the Fascists of Europe in the 30s? 
An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. The Italians were Fascists under Mussolini. 


5) Who were the Axis Powers? 
Germany
Japan
Italy


6) What were the aggressive actions of Germany and Italy before the start of WWII? 


7) What are the reasons Japan attacks Pearl Harbor? 
It was a surprise 


12) What is the date of Pearl Harbor? 
December 7, 1941


13) What is the date of D-Day? What is Operation Overlord? 
D-Day: June 6, 1944


Operation Overlord: As the Soviets pushed the Germans from the east, the Allies were planning a massive invasion of France from the west. General Eisenhower directed the invasion. Eisenhower planned to land his troops on the coast of Normandy on June 5, but rough seas pushed it back a day. on June 6, 1944 (D-Day) the Allied forces landed on the French coast of Normandy. After facing land mines and fierce fire from the Germans for weeks, the Allied troops had landed a million troops in France.


14) What was the cost of World War II? 
$288,000,000,000 — cost to U.S.
$212,336,000,000 — cost to Germany
$111,272,000,000 — cost to France
 $93,012,000,000 — cost to Soviet Union
 $49,786,000,000 — cost to Britain
 $41,272,000,000 — cost to Japan

                    Lives

Soviet Union	25,568,000
China	11,324,000
Germany	7,060,000
Poland	6,850,000
Japan	1,806,000
France	810,000
USA	495,000
Italy	410,000
Great Britain	388,000
Norway	10,000

15) What was the Yalta Conference? 

• February 1945 in Russia
• The second of three conferences held between the Allied powers: United Sates, United Kingdom & Soviet Union
• President Roosevelt
• Prime Minister Winston Churchill
• Premier Joseph Stalin
• Last one attended by FDR before his death
• Discussion about what to do with Germany and how to end the war in the pacific with Japan

16) What did Stalin demand in return for his agreement to enter the war against Japan? 


17) Did the U.S. have to drop Atomic weapons on Japan? 



18) Who was Rosie the Riveter? 
A cultural icon for woman during WWII. Rosie represented the American women who worked in factories during the war suppling munitions and other war supplies. The woman basically replaced the male workers because most of the men went into the military. Rosie the Riveter is now a symbol of feminism and women's economic power.


19) Name some ways women helped win WWII? 
~ Women's Air Service Pilots
~ Women Marines - supported Marine air squadrons (parachute riggers, aviation mechanics); typists; drivers; clerks; photographers; accountant; chemists;
~ Women's Army Corps -


20) What was the Battle of the Bulge? 


21) Who was the American Commander in Europe? Who were the American Commanders in the Pacific? 


22) Why is the Battle of Midway important? 


23) What was the Holocaust? Why did it happen?


Deaths:
5,993,900 — Jews killed by Germany
16 million to 20 million — others killed by Germany




Manifest Destiny


 1) What was Manifest Destiny? 
The American's idea that they had to right/destiny/obligation to God to extend its boundaries across the entire North American Continent.


2) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it? 
It lay between the Pacific Ocean, Rocky Mountains and north of California; what is now Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, also including about half of British Canada. The United States claimed land based on Gray's discovery on the Columbia River and Lewis & Clark's discovery. Great Britain's claimed land was based on British explorations of the Columbia River. Spain claimed California, and Russia was in control of land that stretched south from AK into Oregon.


3) Who were the Mountain Men? 
Merchants that traded furs that the Native Americans supplied. They spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains.


4) Why was the Oregon Trail important? 
Oregon fever swept the Mississippi in the early 1840s. The Panic of 1837 hit the region hard and they formed groups to gather information on Oregon and how to get there. The pioneers then gathered all their supplies and moved west in their prairie schooners.


5) Discuss the meaning behind the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"? 
the slogan for the Democrat party referred to the line of latitude that they believed should be the nation's northern border in Oregon, if it wasn't this way they were going to war!


6) James Polk made what promises to the American public during the election of 1844 (list four - you might need to look up on the internet). 
To acquire california from Mexico
To settle the Oregon dispute
To lower the tariff
To establish a sub-treasury
To retire from office after only 4 years (1 term)


7) Discuss how Texas became independent. 
Four days before the fall of the Alamo, American settlers and Tejanos declared independence from Mexico and established the Republic the Texas. Texas didn't become a state until 1845 under President Polk


8) Discuss the battles of The Alamo and San Jacinto. 
Alamo:
The Texans, lead by Davy Crockett, Jim Bowis & William Travis, fought off Santa Anna's army with rifle fire. On March 6, 1836, Mexican cannon fire broke down the walls of the Alamo. The defenders killed many Mexicans as they crossed open land and tried to climb walls. There were too many Mexicans to fend off! They entered the fortress and killed Travis, Crockett, Bowie and all other defenders.


San Jacinto
On April 21st, the Texans launched a surprise attack on the Mexicans. They were yelling "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" They killed over 6oo soldiers and took about 700 captives. On May 14, 1836, Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognizes the independence of Texas.


9) How long did it take the U.S. to annex Texas? Why? 
Houston asked Jackson to annex Texas in September 1836. It officially became a state on December 29, 1845. It took about eight years because Jackson an others thought that the addition of another slave state would upset the ratio of free states to slave states.


10) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a "Just War"? 
President Polk provoked Mexico. Mexico wasn't paying America for the losses in the Texan War for independence because of border disputes. The Mexicans rejected many of the state's offers to purchase California and New Mexico territory for $30 million. James Polk approached Congress and his cabinet and they decided to send an army to get the money. The Americans set up a fort above the Rio Grande.


The War started because America wanted control of California and the New Mexico Territory (modern day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Utah.)


The 'Just War' term was used to describe the Mexican-American War because Mexico invaded territories that had been claimed by the U.S., though the American's were too stubborn and absent-minded to recognize that Mexico had also placed claims on the land.


11) What was the American response to the war? 
Some supported and some opposed. Some called the war unfounded while others thought it was Manifest Destiny at work.


12) List the major battles of the war. 
Battle of Monterrey
Battle of Mexico City
Battle of Buena Vista


13) What was the cost of the war? 
$125 million
1721 soldiers died in battle
11,000+ to disease


14) Why was the California Gold Rush important? 
The Gold Rush boosted economy and population while also making California more prosperous. Also lead some Mormons to Utah in search of religious freedom.


Civil War

• Union
• 360,000 soldiers out of 2,324,561 enlisted
• $6 million 
• Confederate
• 260,000 soldiers out of the 1 million enlisted
• $3 million
• Total
• 620,000 men (out of 3.3 million enlisted)
• Just number of people that died. not including wounded, POWs and the MIA
• $7 million

How did the Civil War shape our lives today? 




Name three ways the Civil War changed the South. 

• No more slaves
• They were brought back into the country 
• Their economy was dead. They had to find a new source of income (no slaves to pick their cotton or tobacco)
• Their farmlands were ruined
• It gives rise to what becomes terror and racism (KKK)

What constitutional right did Lincoln suspend? 

• Habeas Corpus "You may have the body"
• Legal action that a prisoner can be released from unfair jailing 
• Lincoln does this for a reason
• Delaware and Maryland surround the Capitol
• He wanted to make sure that DE and MD don't go to the South to protect the capitol

List the four border states. 
Kentucky
Missouri
Delaware
Maryland


Why did West Virginia form? 
Virginia was a fairly politically divided state. So it split apart and formed West Virginia and Virginia.


What disadvantages did the South fact? 

• Not industrialized (out produced)
• The North had way more soldiers
• North had more Money
• North had more factories

Why did the Confederate States believe they had a right to leave the Union? 

• They thought they had a constitutional right to leave.
• They joined because they wanted to, they can leave because they want to.
• The didn't think that the North had the right to control their states. They believed in State rights

What were the three main strategies of the Union? 

• Blockade the Docks so the South couldn't trade with other countries
• Get the Mississippi River, to make supplies and movement difficult
• Divide the South in two
• Take Richmond, VA
• Capitol of South

What was the average age of soldiers who fought in the Civil War? 
25. 41% were 21 or younger


What was the outcome of Bull Run? 
The Union soldiers lost twice.


Discuss the Battle of Shiloh. 

• Confederates attacks the North
• A draw. 
• Confederates retreat.
• Two day battle
• April 6-7 1862
• Confederate forces under General Albert S. Johnson attacked Grant's army.  Union forces are almost defeated but reinforcements arrive and drive the Confederate army off. 
• Losses
• Union
• 13,000 troops
• Confederate
• 11,000 troops

What were Lincoln’s reasons for the Emancipation Proclamation? 

• Emancipation Proclamation really does nothing. 
• He wanted to use it as a political weapon. 
• It frees all the slaves in territories still in rebellion under Confederate control. 
• He was trying to make the slaves run away and rebel.
• And they did.
• It also put a fear in the men that there might be a slave uprising. 
• It was a scare tactic. 

What did the 13th Amendment do? 

• Officially ended slavery.
• Last state to ratify the 13'th Amendment was KY

How was the Civil War a rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight? 

• The war was basically for power. 
• The South's goal was to make the war go on and make it a costly war so that the North would quit fighting
• The North actually had to go into the South and subdue the Union
• People often paid poor people to fight for them. 
• Even in the South the majority of the people who fought in the front lines were poor men who didn't own slaves. If you were wealthy and fighting, you were probably an officer. 

Discuss the draft laws in the north. 
Each state had a quota to fill and they usually did that by holding a lottery but you could get out of it if you payed $300 or you had a certain disability. 


Discuss the importance of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. 

• Both turning points of the war
• Gettysburg
• Lee's second invasion of the North
• Picket's charge
• 
  
• Blood Bath
• 70,000 men lost
• South loses 28,000
• Northern Victory
• 3 days of battle
• July 1-3 1863
• On July 4, the South surrenders
• Chancellorsville
• Southern victory
• South defeats 'Fighting' Joe Hooker
• Stonewall Jackson gets himself shot (in left arm; dies from infection from amputation) and killed though
• Jackson was Lee's best General
• "He was lost his left hand, but I have lost my right."
• Lee was basically running away from Grant for rest of the War

How did Sherman use “Total War” against the South? 

• During his March he destroyed everything in his path. 
• He wanted to shut down all of the South's recourses by destroying everything in his path.
• The way you defeat a country's willingness to support a war is take it to the people
• Make them not want to support the war anymore

Who were the Presidents of the Confederacy and the United States during the Civil War? 

• Abraham Lincoln (Union) and Jefferson Davis (Confederate)
• Both born in Kentucky

What, exactly, did the Emancipation Proclamation do? 

• It was a political weapon that Lincoln uses after the Northern victory at Antietam.
• It frees all the slaves in territories still in rebellion under Confederate control.
• Lincoln wanted slaves to either run away to the North or rebel

What were Amendments 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19 
13: legally ended slavery
14: made african Americans citizens of the US
15: "The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Gave Black men the right to vote 
16: allowed the federal government to collect taxes
18: Prohibition
19: establishes women's sufferage


Battles: 


Gettysburg: 

• Lee's second invasion of the North
• Picket's charge
• Blood Bath
• 70,000 men lost
• South loses 28,000
• Northern Victory
• 3 days of battle
• July 1-3 1863
• On July 4, the South surrenders

Appomattox:

• April 8, 1864
• Lee surrendered to Grant 
• The terms of surrender were generous
• Confederate officers were free to go home wih their horses 
• Officers may retain their sidearms
• though their equipment must be 
• Gives them 3 days worth of rations

Antietam:

• September 17, 1863
• Bloodiest single day of Battle in American History
• More casualties in all previous American Wars combined.
• Northern Victory
• The Southern loss discourages Britain and France from recognizing the South as a country
• North finally has a victory that allows Lincoln to put the Emancipation Proclamation into effect
• McClellan has Lee's battle plans before the war starts, but still fights until a draw.
• Lee retreats leading to a Northern Victory 

Shiloh:

• Fought in lower TN
• Two day battle
• April 6-7 1862
• Confederate forces under General Albert S. Johnson attacked Grant's army.  Union forces are almost defeated but reinforcements arrive and drive the Confederate army off. 
• Losses
• Union
• 13,000 troops
• Confederate
• 11,000 troops
• Importance
• Death of Albert Sidney Johnson
• General who protects the west
• He leads a series of charges against the Union forces
• His death causes the Confederates to retreat
• As one of the first battles of the war their are more casualties than all previous American war combined

Bull Run:

• 1st Battle
• Confederate armies under Joseph Johnston and Beauregard rout Union troops. Poor Union generalship is partially to blame for their loss. 
• Confederate Victory 
• Stonewall Jackson receives his nickname
• 2nd Battle
• August 30, 1862
• Confederate Generals Lee, Jackson and James Longstreet defeat Union forces under General John Pope. They forced Union troops to evacuate back to Washington

Chancellorsville: 

• May 2-4, 1863
• Losses for both sides exceed 10,000 soldiers
• Lee's army defeats Hooker's army
• Stonewall Jackson leads an attack from behind, but is mistakenly shot by a Confederate soldier

Sherman’s March to the Sea: 

• November 16, 1864 March started
• No one was fighting him
• His orders were to destroy anything in his pass so that a crow flying overhead would have to carry his own provisions. 
• Completely destroyed anything and everything in his path 

People: 


Albert Sidney Johnson: Dies in the Battle of Shiloh 


Ulysses S. Grant 


Joe Johnson 


Joe Hooker 


Tecumseh Sherman 


Robert E Lee: WIns most of his battles fought on Southern soil; Starts losing battles when he invades the North 


Thomas Stonewall Jackson 


A.P. Hill 


James Longstreet 


Booker T Washington 


Sojourner Truth 


Harriet Tubman 


Frederick Douglas 


What was the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment? 

13: legally ended slavery

14: made African Americans citizens of the US

15: "The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Gave Black men the right to vote 

How was the 14th Amendment reinterpreted? 

       No state shall discriminate the Blacks because of their race.

           § If you were a business owner, you could do what you wanted. It was a loophole

How was the 15th Amendment interrupted? 


Corporations/Monopolies/Robber Barons 


Be able to Identify the following people: 

o   George Armstrong Custer

§  Vain and headstrong (possibly deranged)

§  Led the attack on Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull

§  Led his 250 men into a direct frontal assault on the 2,000-4,000 Indians awaiting his attack.

§  Colonel during Civil War

·      Appomattox Courthouse

o   J. P. Morgan

§  1837-1913

§  Son of a Banker

§  Was one of the Robber Barons

§  By 1900, he owned half of America’s track mileage (railroads)

·      His friends owned most of the rest

§  Helped Andrew Carnegie start U.S. Steel

o   W.E.B. Du Bois

§  African-American Activist

§  Wrote the Souls of Black Folks

§  Became a prominent leader Harlem Renaissance

o   James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok

§  Famous Cowboy

§  Only shot two people while presiding over Abilene

·      One was a policeman

o   Theodore Roosevelt

§  During Spanish-American War Assistant Secretary of the Navy

§  Admired cowboy spirit

§  26^th President

§  Leader of the Rough Riders

§  Republican Party put him in the Vice President candidacy so he would get out of the way

§  McKinley gets shot an Teddy becomes president

§  Teddy Bear named after him because he was warm and cuddly

o   Eugene Debs

§  1855-1926

§  Communist

§  Began work as a locomotive fireman

§  In the midst of a severe economic depression in 1893, Debs organized the militant American Railway Union

·      Absorbed remnants  of the Knights of Labor and called for a strike in 1894 against the Pullman Car Company (train cars)

o   President Cleveland called troops to suppress the strike

o   Debs was arrested and jailed for contempt of court in Chicago

§  He later joined the Socialist Party and ran for President FIVE times

o   Benjamin Harrison

§  William Harrison's grandson

o   William McKinley

§  President during the Spanish-American War

§  25^th President

§  Assassinated by Leon Czolgosz

§  Begun the era of American Imperialism

·      Expansion of American holdings/lands

§  Tried to go for peace during Span-Am War but the powerful men who wanted it pushed until he had to

§   

o   John D. Rockefeller

§  1839-1937

§  Bookkeeper by training

§  Was hired to investigate the investment promise of oil

·      Told the investors there was “no future” and invested in it himself

§  Bought his first oil refinery in 1862

§  With some partners formed the South Improvement Company

·      So corrupt it was forced out of business

§  Formed Standard Oil of Cleveland in 1870

·      Bought off whole legislatures

·      Made secret deals with railroads to obtain favorable rates

·      Weakened rivals through bribery and sabotage until Rockefeller could buy them out with Standard Oil stock

·      By 1879, Standard controlled anywhere from 90-98 percent of the nation’s refining capacity

·      In 1899, Standard Oil had been transformed into a “holding company” with diversified interests

o   Including the Chase Manhattan Bank

§  Rockefeller’s attorney, Samuel C. T. Dodd (he was looking for ways around State laws governing corporations), invented the “trust”

·      Rockefeller didn’t have to worry about breaking corporate antimonopoly laws

Be able to discuss the Importance of the following: 


The assassination of William McKinley
 Killed by Leon Czolgosz  In Buffalo, NY in Sep. 1901.
After McKinley died Theodore Roosevelt becomes president


 The Robber Barons and what they did 
Jay Gould, Cornelius Vanderbilt, J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller
They raised their form of thievery to sound business organizations and called them “trusts”


The Jungle 
 Considered one of the last books to impact society
The meatpacking industry was changed
The FDA was created by Theodore Roosevelt to oversee food health
 Upton Sinclair –author, intended to impact the immigrant conditions, but America was caught up in the Meat industry portionWhy the Spanish American War was fought 


Wounded Knee 

§  December 28, 1890

·      350 men, women and children were taken to an encampment at Wounded Knee, South Dakota

§  As the Indians were surrendering their weapons to the soldiers, the gun of a deaf Indian named Black Coyote discharged

·      Whether it was an accident or deliberate has yet to be determined

§  Soldiers immediately opened fire on the unarmed Natives and killed at least 150 (if not as many as 300) Indians

§  This was the Indian’s “last stand”

Custer’s Last Stand 

§  Summer of 1876

§  Battle of Little Big Horn

§  Custer led 250 men in a direct frontal assault

·      Ignoring the warning from 2,000-4,000 Indians

§  Natives led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull destroyed all but one of Custer’s men

·      They allowed a half-breed scout to escape

§  In the newspapers it sounded like the natives attacked Custer and his men. People demanded total warfare on the Sioux.

Jim Crow 
Jim Crow was wedged into the language as a synonym for Negro. Jim Crow railroad cars came first, and then came the separations of waiting rooms, factory entrances and even windows. The most damaging separation was the separation of educations. Ultimately, Jim Crow meant the ending of black power to vote in the south because of poll taxes.


Separate But Equal 
Homer Plessy was a half white half black man who was arrested because he sat in a train seat that was reserved for white people. The Supreme Court was, unfortunately, in support of the corporation as people under the fourteenth amendment so this case gave a new idea, “separate but equal” meaning that states could legally separate races in public accommodations. Of course they were never equal.
How the 14th Amendment was used to protect corporations 


The Panama Canal 

§  Ferdinand de Lesseps started

§  Got the start-up in the press/news from when a ship (the Oregon) took a long time to get from California to Cuba during the Span-Am War

§  The French attempted to build the canal, but disease and jungle prevented that.

·      They literally just left machinery there to rust

§  For America, Roosevelt had to decide whether to build the canal through what was then Columbia or Nicaragua

§  US decided to create a new country on Columbian territory because Columbia was asking too high a price to build the canal

§  W/ US help the Panamanians revolted against the Columbians and Panama was recognized as a new country in no time

§  The US started to build but disease ran rampant and people wouldn’t believe that mosquitoes carried disease until a railroad builder allowed a doctor who knew to vaccinate everyone

§  There were many more blacks from the Caribbean who worked on the canal and they were treated poorly

§  The construction was finished under president Taft

Roosevelt and his “big stick” 

§  The famous quote “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

§  Supposed to represent the idea that by actually having security you don’t need to talk about it

Other questions: 


What lands did America get from winning the Spanish-American War? 
Puerto Rico
Manila
Wake Island
Guam
The Philippines
Cuba


How did this war make America an Imperial Country? 

§  This war spawned another war in the Philippines

§  The Philippine War was bloodier and longer than the Spanish-American War

§  America had set her sights on a pacific empire after the annexation of Hawaii

How did Theodore Roosevelt rise in politics? 

§  Originally the Assistant Secretary of the Navy

§  Then takes commission of a First Volunteer Calvary

§  He comes back a war hero

§  Uses the Heroism status to book a place into politics and the Whitehouse

§  Becomes vice-president

§  Then with the assassination of McKinley becomes president

What was the Bull Moose Party? 

§  Progressive party because Teddy claimed to be as healthy as a bull moose

§  He also liked to kill things (Big hunter)

Why is W.E.B. Du Bois connected with John the Baptist? 


How many votes did Eugene Debs receive in 1912? 


What was his party? 


What was the 16th Amendment? 
Allowed the federal government to collect taxes


What was the 17th Amendment? 
Provided for the direct election of senators


Why did America become “Big Brother” to Latin America under Woodrow Wilson. 
He sent troops in to help or something like that. 


How did World War I start? 
1914-1919


Why did World War I start? 
The Serbians wanted to be recognized as an independent nation.
Franz Ferdinand was assassinated.
Many people with alliances lashed out at the Serbians and they fought back.
The war began!!


What were the divisions (or sides)? 
Allies:
Great Britain
Ireland
France
United States


Central:
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire


Discuss the importance of the Lusitania. 


Why, ultimately, did the United States enter World War I? 
The German's had tried to bribe the Mexican's into fighting for them. German's told the Mexican's that if they fought for them then they would get their land back that was lost to the American's in the Mexican-American War. 


How many casualties did the Battle of the Marne have? 


What was the Espionage Act? 


Do you consider this act legal? 


How many Americans died in WWI? 


How many people died total? 


How was the world map reshaped after WWI? 


People: 


Woodrow Wilson 


General John J. Pershing 


Eugene Debs 


Howard Taft 


Upton Sinclair 




1) Name five important books of the 1920s. 


2) What was the first "talkie"? How did it change America? 


3) Discuss the "Red Scare of 1919". 


4) What was the 18th amendment? Why was it enacted? How did it go wrong? 


6) What is important about Henry Ford? How did he change America? 


7) What is important about Charles Lindbergh? How did he symbolize the times? 


9) How were stocks inflated? How did this cause the crash? 


10) What was Black Thursday and Black Tuesday? 


11) What was Hoover's view of Government relief programs? 


12) What was the "Bonus Army"? 


13) What happened during the "Hundred Days"? 


14) What was the WPA and what did it do? 


15) What were Roosevelt's FIRESIDE CHATS and why did they become important?


Random Study Questions:


1) Describe the Cherokee removal from their lands. Make sure you include the following: 
a) How the Cherokee lived in 1830.
b) The previous treaties made to the Cherokee by the U.S. Government. 
c) The Cherokee suing the state government and the ruling in the Supreme Court by John Marshall. 
d) Andrew Jackson's reaction to John Marshall. 
e) General Winfield Scott's role. 
f) The Trail of Tears. 


2) How did the crusades change European and how did it lead to the exploration of the "New World"? 


3) When did the 1st Africans come to the English colonies? Where? What was the purpose of importing them? 


4) The French and Indian War began over what area of land? 


5) What are the reasons the French lost? 


6) List five reasons why the Americans won the Revolution. 


7) List three important battles of the revolution and discuss why they were important. 


8) List and explain the three compromises to the constitution. 


9) What was Jefferson Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it supposed to do? 


10) Discuss the importance of the Battle of New Orleans. 


11) Discuss the elections of 1800 and 1824. 


12) List the importance of the following people: 


a) Anne Hutchinson 


b) John Rolfe 


c) James Wolfe 


d) Alexander Hamilton 


e) John Adams 


14) Who were the three biggest losers of the Revolutionary War? 


15) According to Zinn why were Africans easier to force into labor than Native Americans? 


16) What was the Missouri Compromise?


History Test: CIVIL WAR 


1) What were the dates of the Civil War? 


2) How many people died in the war? 


3) Why did the Confederate States believe they had a right to leave the Union? 


4) What was the Union’s plan at the beginning of the war? 


5) What was the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments? 


6) How was the 14th Amendment reinterpreted? How was the 15th Amendment interrupted? 


For the Following discuss the importance of the battle (include dates, Generals, outcome and importance): 


7) Chancellorsville 


8) Gettysburg 


9) Antietam 


10) Bull Run 


For the following people discuss who they were, what they did, and why they were important. 


11) James Longstreet 


12) Ulysses S. Grant 


13) Robert E Lee 


14) Tecumseh Sherman 


15) Frederick Douglas 


16) Why did Lincoln suspend Habeas Corpus?


 17) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? 


18) List Four Border States


 19) What disadvantages did the South face? 


20) In a short essay discuss how the Civil War has shaped our lives today.


U.S. History Quiz: Manifest Destiny 


1) List four promises James K. Polk made during his election. 
To acquire California from Mexico
To settle the Oregon dispute
To lower the tariff
To establish a sub-treasury
To retire from office after only 4 years (1 term)


2) What was the cost of the Mexican-American war in both lives and dollars? 
$125 million
1721 Americans died in battle
11,000+ lost to disease


3) List three battles of the Mexican-American War. 
Battle of Monterrey
Battle of Mexico City
Battle of Buena Vista


4) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it? 
It laid between the Pacific Ocean, Rocky Mountains and north of California; what is now Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, and about half of British Columbia. The United States claimed land based on Gray's discovery on the Columbia River and Lewis & Clark's discovery. Great Britain's claimed land was based on British explorations of the Columbia River. Spain claimed California, and Russia was in control of land that stretched south from Alaska into Oregon.


5) Discuss how Texas became independent. 


6) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a “Just War”? Explain. 
President Polk provoked Mexico. Mexico wasn't paying America for the losses in the Texan war for independence because of border disputes. The Mexicans rejected many of the states' offers to purchase California and New Mexico territory for $30 million. Polk approached Congress and his cabinet and they decided to send an army to get the money. The Americans set up a fort above the Rio Grande


The war stated because America wanted control of California and the New Mexico Territory (modern day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Utah)


The "Just War" term was used to describe the Mexican-American War because Mexico invaded territories that had been claimed by the US, though the Americans were too stubborn and absent-minded to recognize that Mexico had also placed claims on the land.


7) What was Manifest Destiny? 
The idea that Americans had a duty and obligation to spread from coast to coast.


8) Why did President Jackson refuse to annex Texas? 
He thought that the addition of another slave state would upset the ratio of free states to slave states.


9) Why did some Americans think that making California part of the United States would strengthen the security of the nation? 
It created ocean borders between America and other nations instead of having a foreign power as a border. By making the ocean the border, America is safer from foreign attacks.


10) Why was the California Gold Rush important? What did it do for the country?
The Gold Rush boosted economy and population while making California more prosperous. Also lead some Mormons to Utah in search of religious freedom.

PART I: 1492-1754 

1) What was Columbus looking for? 

A passage to India to retrieve spices and gold

2) Why was a passage to India important for European countries to find? 

It would be a huge boost in the economy and create a respectable amount of wealth.
3) How did the crusades change European and how did it lead to the exploration of the "New World"? 

It gave Europeans a taste of spices from fighting the Muslims. No bland food! Brought on the renaissance. Europe comes in contact with a culture that is more advanced than its self. 


4) How did tobacco change the course of America (particularly the Virginia colony)?

Saved the colony from starvation (sold the tobacco to Europe and other colonies). It was also used as currency.

 5) Discuss the rise of self-government in America (make sure you note the House of Burgesses, the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut).

 6) How did religion play an essential role in the shaping of the early colonies?

 7) Discuss why early colonists came to America (the various reasons - begin to relate these to the American Dream and the American Character). 

8) What was the Great Migration? 

9) What was the renaissance and how does it fit with the exploration of the Americas? 

10) Where the 1st Europeans to the Americas "Explorers" or "Invaders"? Please justify your answer. 

11) How did the English distance the relationship between indentured whites and black slaves? Why did they fear a relationship between the two? 

12) Please to list the six colonies and why they were formed (and by what settlers). 

Virginia - 1607
Massachusetts - 1620
New York - 1626
Maryland - 1633
Rhode Island - 1636
Connecticut - 1636

13) Know the following people: 

John Rolfe, 

John Smith,

John Winthrop, 

Anne Hutchinson, 

Roger Williams, 

William Bradford, 

John Wheelright, 

Jacques Marquette, 

Samuel de Champlain, 

Francis Drake, 

John Cabot, 

Henry Hudson, 

Ferdinand Magellan, 

Francisco Pizarro, 

Hernan Cortes, 

Squanto, 

Samoset. 

14) What is the difference between the Separatists and Puritians? 

15) Discuss King Phillips War and how it changed America?

 16) When did the 1st Africans come to the English colonies? Where? What was the purpose of importing them (be specific)? 

17) According to Zinn why were Africans easier to force into labor than Native Americans or poor white immigrants? 

They couldn't speak English!!

18) Why were each of the 13 colonies established? 

19) How did religious freedom, slavery, and self-government shape the first 13 colonies (be exact - this should be an paragraph for each). 

20) How did the Massacre at Mystic change America? 

21) What was King Philips War? Why did it start and what was the outcome of it? 

22) What was Nat Bacon's rebellion really about? 

23) Why did Philadelphia become an important city? 

PART II: FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 

What are the reasons the war starts and spreads to become a world war? 

*What are the reasons the French lost? 

*How does the British turn the tide of the War? 

* What are the results of the war? 

 Proclamation of 1763
~ King George declared that the colonists couldn't move west of the Appalachian Mountains

* How did the war begin? 

*What was George Washington's role in the war and how did it prepare him for the Revolution? 

* Why were the following people important: 

Edward Braddock: Commander in Chief of the British forces in America 

Half-King: 

Marquis de Montcalm: Main French Genreal in North America; very successful in the beginning of the war (especially in Carillon and at the Massacre of Fort William Henry); is defeated in the Battle of Quebec(He decided to take the field instead of staying in the Fort)

James Wolfe: British Genreal that wins the Battle of Quebec; but dies during the battle; becomes hero of the war 

General Forbes: British General; captures what becomes Fort Pitt/Fort Duquesne- builds roads through the wilderness, setting up Forts along the way, he makes an agreement with the Natives to put down their arms, French see him coming and they burn the fort and run

William Pitt: Pittsburgh was named after him; he gave the colonists what they wanted and in return they decided to fight for the British; but when he does this he borrows a lot of money with no thoughts of how to pay it back (which eventually leads to the Revolution because they start taxing)

* Discuss the Native Indians role and importance in the war. What battles did they fight in? How did they change the power structure? What agenda did they have? 

Battles ~
Power Structure ~ In the beginning they are sided with the French and the French are winning the war, when they switched to the British side, the British stated winning
Agenda ~ They sided with the British because they posed less of a threat, the Natives hoped that if they side with the British they would get to keep most or their land




* The French and Indian war begin over what area of land? 

The forks of the Ohio


* Why did the Native Americans take captives? Was this an effective practice? 

To strike fear in the British, to repopulate their villages and to make money off of the ransoms. It was effective, but not in the long run. Though it did scare the British, and their villages did get repopulated, the white people brought diseases that killed off many natives.

PART III: The Revolution 

1) According to Paul Johnson what was the most deciding factor in the colonists victory over the British. 

British Historian ~ Wrote the History of the American People. He thought that the Americans had better leaders than the British. 

2) How did the colonists win the media war, the ideological battle and the emotional battle? 

3) What important things did Patrick Henry do? 

"Give me liberty, or give me death!" He convinced the Virginia Convention to go to war. He was against the Constitution because it didn't have any individual rights. He was also a BIG part of getting the Bill of Rights adopted.

4) How was Thomas Jefferson a “mass of contradictions”. 

5) What was Thomas Jefferson’s most important quality (according to Johnson). 

His ability to write extremely well. He was arguably the best writer of our fore fathers. Jefferson could write as well as John Adams could publicly speak.

6) What did Common Sense do? Who wrote it. 

Thomas Paine created the pamphlet to persuade colonists towards independence.

7) What was the 1st constitution? What powers did it give the government? 

Articles of Confederation created a central government with NO power. They made the laws but the states could break them because Congress didn't have the power to punish them. It also gave Congress the power to control the war & foreign policy; everything else would be controlled by each individual state. The government also had the power to raise an army, but could NOT collect taxes.

8) What was the paradox of the war (at least from Britain's point of view)? 

The British were fighting a losing battle even if they won. If they were to win, they would inherit a stubborn colony that wouldn't listen but if they lost, they would only hurt their pride. 

9) What was Washington's main strength as a commander? Why did he win the war? 

He was a strategist. He realized that his major task was to train an army, keep it alive and in the field, supply it and pay it. By doing this, he enabled all thirteen state governments, plus the Congress, to remain functioning. He was a lso a gentleman; he did nothing mean, cruel or vengeful. 

10) What were the four points of the Peace of Paris - as laid out by John Adams? 

~ Outright independence of the United States and the with drawl of British forces.
~ Canada to remain British and a definitive boundary to be drawn.
~ Agreement on the boundaries of all 13 states
~ Freedom for fishing off coast of Newfoundland

11) Why did slavery increase during the revolution? 

There was no mention of freedom for slaves in the Declaration.

12) Who were the big losers of the war (name three)? List what they lost and explain why they are the biggest losers. 

French: 
The war cost billions of livres (money) and ruined it's credit with European bankers. It did irretrievable damage to France's public finances and compelled the bankrupt monarchy to hit the road. (Which lead to the recalling of the Estates General, the Fall of Bastille, the Terror, the Republic, and military dctatorship.) The overall American victory, coupled with the fantastic ideas of independence inspired the French Revolution. Wealthy aristocrat merchants who helped pat for the war out of their own pockets, lost money.


Natives:
Sir William Johnson, greatest of the British's Indian agents, died in 1774, which basically destroyed the Indian alliance with Britain. The British abandoned them because their had their own problems to attend to. Americans thought their new treaty gave them the right of conquest.


Loyalists:
The lacked leaders. They lost their jobs, estates, houses, savings, and quite often their jobs. Some family bonds were terminated. They either had to move back to Britain or Canada (if they had to money), or stay in their houses and keep quiet about politics.

13) What happened to the Loyalists in America after the war. 

Some went to Britain or Canada. Most had no alternative but to stay in America and keep their political opinions quiet. Some went to create colonies in the West Indies. Most felt like Britain had betrayed them by settling for a treaty.

14) What were the most important battles of the war. Why do you think they are the most important? (Note battles is plural). 

Yorktown: Last major battle; British (Cornwallis) surrender to a large French/American (Washington) force; never would have been a possible American Victory without the aid of the French


Saratoga: Major British surrender (Johnny Burgoyne surrendered to Hartio Gates); Brings French on to the American side (they realize that the Americans could actually win)


Cowpens: Daniel Morgan had a lot of militia forces; British fire on Militia force, the Militia run away but reappear on the other side, the Continental forces come forward,

15) List at least five reasons why the Americans won. 

~ They fought on their own territory
~ The British had to send troops and supplies over seas.
~ General Washington was their commander.
~ They fought with a great determination to reach their goal of independence.
~ They had the French on their side

16) List the importance of the following people in the cause of the Revolution. 

A) Thomas Paine
Wrote Common Sense which persuaded the American people to fight for independence

B) Thomas Jefferson 

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

C) John Adams 

The smart Adams
Main speaker on the floor of the Continental Congress
Appoints Jefferson as the writer of the Declaration
Ambassador to the French with Franklin, though the French hated Adams and loved Franklin

D) Samuel Adams 

Failed brewer
He was the activist
Formed the Sons of Liberty
       Boston Tea Party

E) John Hancock 

Wealthy
Signed the Declaration (he signed it so big so the King could read it without his glasses)
Financed the war
Probably the richest man in New England
Not the brightest compared to Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin

F) George Washington 

G) James Otis 

Crazy Lawyer
"No taxation without representation!"
Wasn't really in the war because he was emitted to a mental institution

H) Benjamin Franklin 

Embodies the American Dream
       He came from nothing
Ambassador to the French, French LOVED him

I) Benedict Arnold (think beyond his treason) 

Originally Washington's right hand man
Saratoga was one of his big victories
Traitor! 1780
    He wasn't being recognized by Congress so he switched sides and became a British spy 

J) Patrick Henry 

"Give me liberty or give me death!"
Convinced the VIrginia Convention to go to war
Against the Constitution because it didn't have any individual rights
BIG part of getting the Bill of Rights adopted

K) Alexander Hamilton 

Embodies the American Dream
Helped write the Federalist Papers
Advocate for a strong central government
Created the Bank of America
In charge of the Treasury
Helped get the office of the President started
BIG promoter of the Constitution
Trusted by Washington because he was one of his aids during the war
Gets the states out of debt in the early 1790s

17) Who was Molly Pitcher? 

Mary Ludwig Hay McCauley brought soldiers pitchers of water. It's rumored that when her husband was shot, she picked up his gun and started shooting at the British.

18) Why did the British strategy for the war make little sense? 

Washington was fighting a war of endurance.
Lord George Germaine, who had no military gifts, was put in charge of the war in the North. He had never set foot in America

19) How did the British fail to win the war in 1776? Who was the General in charge?

General Howe's plan was to take New York, cutting off New England from the South, which would destroy the heart of the rebellion: Massachusetts. What actually happened was Washington took his army from Manhattan to Brooklyn and settles in the Heights. Howe had a lot more men than Washington, but George and his 9,000 troops were able to escape back to Manhattan and then on to New Jersey via the Delaware river. Howe had failed to surround and destroy Washington's army. He also let Washington escape because he didn't make a large effort to follow him thus failing to end the war in their favor in 1776.

 20) "America was already developing the notion that all were entitled to the best if they worked hard enough, that aiming high was not only morally acceptable but admirable." Discuss the importance of this statement. 

If you worked hard enough, you could do anything you set your mind too. The American dream has always been to go for your dreams. In America you could change social classes. If you work hard enough, you could go from lower class to middle class, whereas in Britain, doing so was unheard of and frowned upon. 


21) Who were the two most important people involved with the push towards a new constitution? 
Alexander Hamilton & James Madison
Hamilton's big reason was that the country was in debt. To get the states out of debt, you need a strong central government. Madison and Hamilton both wanted a strong central government. Constitution didn't happen over night. It was long debated. When they met to fix the Constitution they basically threw out the Articles of Confederation

22) Give examples of how the Articles of Confederation failed. 

It could raise an army, but couldn't collect taxes. The power was really in the state's government. There was chaos, the central government was nonexistent. The power was all in the states.

23) In your option why would some people prefer State rights over a strong Central government. What are the arguments for both sides?
States Rights
All states are different. Especially back then, they all had their own culture.
When you have a strong central government, there is a chance that the government becoming too controlling. Strong central government could go back to the idea of a king.


Strong Central Government
Keeps everyone on the same page.

 24) What is a nomiocracy? How do you feel about this term connected with the U.S. government? 

It's basically a government ruled by lawyers.
It's an accurate statement.

25) What were the three compromises on the Constitution? Which one of these seems the strangest to you? 

Compromise 1
Gave the House of Representatives the control of money bills. The Representatives were directly elected by number of persons in states.
Senate, two people from each state, were chosen to deal with foreign policy and such matters.


Compromise 2
It stated that nothing negative would be written about slavery in the Constitution. Every slave counted as 3/5 of a freeman, which gave the states the right to count them as voters, though they couldn't actually vote. And finally, the words 'slave' and 'slavery' would purposely by avoided being written in the text.


Compromise 3
Dealt with the election of the president
Madison and Hamilton wanted a Presidency for a strong central government.

26) What is the irony about the President vs. a King as example by Johnson? 

He didn't want power in the hands of stupid people because they would do stupid things. The president was almost a dictator. He had more power than most kings of the time. Though, unlike the king, the president was the only official elected by the entire nation. Kings are born into power.

27) Know the importance of Valley Forge. What happened there? What the troops had to overcome? Compare this with the British winter quarters. 

The American troops wintered at Valley Forge. It was a harsh winter and they lacked decent food, clothing and shelter. Many also lacked blankets, shoes and shirts. 

28) What help did France, Spain, and the Netherlands offer the colonies? 

29) What is important about Judith Sargeant Murray and Abigail Adams? 

Judith thought women's minds were as good as men's; therefore, girls should get as good an education as boys. Abigail was John Adam's wife and he didn't make any decisions without discussing them over with her, so she played a role in politics. She also voiced the problems of women to John.

30) Discuss the war in the west. 

31) Discuss the war in the south. 

32) What is the importance of the following people: 

A) George Rogers Clark. 

B) John Paul Jones. 

C) Nathanael Greene. 

D) Comte de Rochambeau. 

E) Admiral Francois de Grasse. 

33) What is important about Washington's farewell address? 

34) Why did the natives give support to the British? 

The British posed less of a threat then the Americans.

35) Why did the British think their military forces were superior to those of the Americans? 

They had an experienced, well-trained army and their navy was the strongest in the world. They also had the wealth of a worldwide empire and a much larger population.

36) Why was fighting on their own land an advantage for the Americans? 

They knew the layout of the land. The British also had to send troops and supplies over the Atlantic Ocean, whereas the American supplies only had to travel between cities.

PART IV: The Constitution, Jefferson, War of 1812, Jackson 

1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants." 

Without suffering which leads to rebellion/questioning, nothing would get accomplished. Jefferson supported the ideas that if people didn't rebel, it would sort have meant that people didn't care about their freedom.

2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen? 

There was a conflict of classes. Between the working-class farmer, inner-city laborers, servant class, smaller merchants, free blacks AND the bourgeoisies, landed, slaveholding gentry, international merchants.


Massachusetts passed a state constitution in 1780 which banned poor and middle class peoples from voting and holding office. 


As economy worsened, farms were taken to pay off debts.

3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises. 

Congress would have two parts: the House and the Senate.


Slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person towards the voting. Though they couldn't actually vote. 


The position of the President and the Executive Branch would be made. 

4) What was the Virginia Plan? 

New government in America, two Legislators; Judicial and Executive branches were chosen by Legislators

5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what? 

No Slaves

6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government. 

Executive: Chooses Judicial; Can veto laws 


Legislative: Can override a veto with 2/3 of the votes; Refuse the approve treaties; Can question the Judicial


Judicial: Can declare what the President does illegal; Can say that what Congress is doing in unconstitutional

7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them? 

John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton wrote them to make people support the adoption of the Constitution by convincing the public that a strong central government was a good idea.

8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments. 

 1^st Amendment

                                                               i.      Separation of church and state

                                                             ii.      Freedom to worship

                                                            iii.      Freedom of speech and press

                                                           iv.      Right to assemble and petition for charges

 2^nd Amendment

                                                               i.      Right to bear arms

 3^rd Amendment

                                                               i.      Soldiers can’t be housed in a private home without the consent of the owner

4^th Amendment

                                                               i.      Right to be free from unreasonable seizure and search

5^th Amendment

                                                               i.      Laws about prosecuting including jury rights/duties

6^th Amendment

                                                               i.      Right to a speedy public trial in district where crime was committed

7^th Amendment

                                                               i.      Guarantees trial by jury

8^th Amendment

                                                               i.      Prohibits cruel and unusual punishments

9^th Amendment

                                                               i.      Defines the rule of the construction of the Constitution

10 Amendment

                                                               i.      Guarantees any powers not specifically delegated to federal governments or to the states rests with the people and states

1.       Depending on the situation

9) Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)? 

Mainly white landowning males, though each state had their own voting laws.


10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac? 

Madison and Jefferson agreed to Hamilton's plan to get the country out of debt, if Alexander agreed to James and Thomas's proposal to move the capitol to the southern states.

11) What did Jay's Treaty do? 

It forced British soldiers to leave America

12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down? 

Backwoods farmers on the frontier of Western Pennsylvania protested against large taxes on whiskey. Washington went out with 13,000ish men and stopped the farmers from rebelling.

13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved? 

Two Republicans/anti-federalists, Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr, tied in votes. The decision was left to the House to pick a president. Jefferson assured the Representatives that he would uphold many of the Federalist's ideas, laws, and recommendations and therefore won (most of the house was federalists)

14) Who was John Marshall? 

Adam's secretary of state. He was also a Supreme Chief Justice. He was the first to say Congress was being unconstitutional.

15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.? 

They didn't have a ton of money but Napoleon wanted a piece of the New World. In the end, he decided to they money was more important.

16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey? 

Jefferson sent them west of the Appalachians to get into the fur trade, survey the land, trade with natives, and feel out political and military uses of the land.

17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end? 

Hamilton used his political influence to become Governor of New York which defeated and angered Burr. I don't think he was completely wrong; anything goes when you want to win. The ordeal ended when Burr challenged Hamilton to a dual; during which Burr shot and fatally wounded Hamilton.

18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do? 

1807~The Embargo Act prohibited all exports into America. The point of the act was to deny the British any money. Since the AMericans couldn't trade for goods directly, the US couldn't receive exotic goods like spices, silk, rum and scarce.

19) What did Tecumseh try and do? 

He tried to get all the Indians together to form an alliance. He almost pulled it off.

20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe? 

Victory for the United States. 
General William Harrison's men were sent to watch the Natives to make sure they wouldn't attack the Americans. Tenskwata, Tecumseh's brother, led an attack on Henry's troops. THough he slaughtered the Natives, it wasn't a successful attack because Harrison destroyed food stores, their village, and Tenskwata's claim of magical protection. This battle ended the major Native rebellion and retaliation.

21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why? 

The treaty doesn't do anything. It formed the boundaries for the Oregon Country and between Canada and the US. But Washington D.C. was burned. When your capitol gets burned, you don't really gain anything.

22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans. 

January 1815. The British outnumbered the Americans. Americans only had 8 casualties compared to Britain's over 2,000 casualties. Said to be one of the most lopsided American victories in history.


23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state? 

1823. Declared that the United States would not tolerate intervention in the Americans by European Nations. Becomes a tool in the 20th century: No one but the United States could meddle with internal affairs in the Western Hemisphere. 


24) What was the Missouri Compromise? 

1820. Missouri was to be a slave state but anything north of Missouri's southern border could not be a slave state. 

25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"? 

Person who wins the election of 1824 doesn't become President. Jackson didn't have majority of the votes. The voting went to the house. Henry Clay of KY decided to support John Quincy Adams as president. Adams elected Clay to be Secretary of State when he won the votes of the house. People thought that this avoided the voting which many people disagreed with.

26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson. 

Adulterer
Murderer
Orphan
Horse-racing Man
Frontiersman
War Hero
Indian Fighter
Native Hater

27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President? 

He wasn't an Indian Hater. He knew what he wanted and would stop at nothing to get what he wanted. 


He was called King Long Knife. 


In 1814 he fought in the Creek War. He took land away from the Creek Natives by using the Cherokee people against them.


In 1819 he fought in a small illegal war in Florida. He killed many natives and destroyed lots of Spanish forts, which forced the Spanish to sell Florida to America. 


His presidential policy instructed America to remove all Natives from their lands and place them elsewhere. 

28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people? 

Jackson is worshiped by the common people because his presidency, opinions and political party were all in line with the wishes of the middle-class people


Most important president after Washington and Jefferson

29) Name the 1st seven Presidents of the United States 

1) George Washington ~ VP John Adams
2) John Adams ~ VP Thomas Jefferson
3) Thomas Jefferson ~ VP Aaron Burr/George Clinton
4) James MAdison ~ VP George Clinton/Elbridge Gerry
5) James Monroe ~ VP Daniel Tompkins
6) John Quincy Adams ~ VP John Calhoun
7) Andrew Jackson ~ VP John Calhoun/Martin Van Buren

War of 1812 

1) Importance of Fort McHenry. 

Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner there

2) Burning of D.C. by the British. 

3) Battle of Plattsburg 

4) Battle of New Orleans 

5) Native Defeats: Tecumseh and the Creeks (Battle of Thames and Horseshoe Bend).

Other questions that may or may not be on here already:


How had the US changed in the 72 years from Washington to Lincoln?
It had become a pulsing, burgeoning world economic power whose lands stretched over the entire continent.


Who invented the cotton gin? How did the cotton gin change the country?
Eli Whitney. It started the Industrial Revolution in the North, while the South remained an Agrarian/slave-based economy.


Discuss the differences between the North and South by 1860. Why was it two cultures with two ideologies?
North:
1/8 of the population was foreign-born. European started migrating over to escape the famines and political turmoil. They came to America because they were drawn to the myth of unlimited wealth endless possibility. 


South:
The south wasn't advancing like the north so their overall population was growing as fast. The slave population however increased immensely from about 700,000 slaves in 1790 to 3.5 million slaves in 1860. 


What did the future President Grant say about the Mexican-American War?
it was "one of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation."


How did the US start the Mexican-American War/ What did Zachary Taylor do to start the war?

President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor into territory that both the Mexicans and Americans thought was theirs. After months of negotiating to purchase Texas, Polk sent Taylor further into the undisputed territory to the banks of the Rio Grande.

Polk had Taylor cross the river and when a US soldier was found dead and some Mexicans attacked a US patrol, Polk told Congress that a war had been started.

What did Henry David Thoreau protest the Mexican-American War? How did the protest change the world?
 He refused to pay poll taxes because they were used to finance the war. He then spent a night and jail.
After the war he wrote an essay/lecture that would later be known as ‘Civil Disobedience’. This essay/lecture would go on to influence Mahatma Gandhi and Gandhi’s interpretation went on to inspire Martin Luther King.




Who was Frederick Douglas? Why was he important?
 He was an escaped slave that bashed on the war through his own newspaper. He was able to escape because of the Underground Railroad, which was purposely vague in his autobiography because he didn’t want to danger those who aided his journey.


During the Civil War, he became an advisor for Lincoln. He recruited soldiers for the Union cause and lobbied for their equal pay. After the war, he accepted numerous government appointments and eventually became the ambassador to Haiti.


What was the Underground Railroad? Were did it run?
The Underground Railroad was a loose network of persons who thought that every freed slave marked a victory in the war against slavery. The railroad ran from the South northward through Philadelphia and New York towards freedom in Canada and the Northeast.


Who was Harriet Tubman? Why was she important?
She was born a Maryland slave who made her way to freedom in 1849 only to immediately return to the South to help other slaves escape. She made some 19 trips herself and helped at least 300 slaves to freedom.


  During the Civil War she served with Union troops as a cook and as a spy behind Confederate lines.


What was the Compromise of 1850? What bills came out of it?
 It was a compromise that would hopefully settle the dispute between the new territories and the economy change of the California Gold Rush

b.     Bills

                                               i.     Fugitive Slave Act

1.     Provided federal jurisdiction to assist slave owners in the recovery of escaped slaves

                                             ii.     California was admitted as a free state

                                            iii.     New Mexico and Utah were organized without restrictions on slavery

                                            iv.     Texas, also unrestricted as to slavery, had its boundaries set and received $10 million for the land that came to be New Mexico

                                              v.     The slave trade (but not slavery itself) was abolished in the District of Columbia

Why was Uncle Tom's Cabin Important?
It showed that slaves had feelings and were mothers, fathers, son, daughters, sisters, and brothers too; there were actual people too.   Made the Americans realize the injustices that slaves had to go through


What were Lincoln's words to Stowe about the book?
Lincoln gave Stowe credit for writing the book that started the war.


   “So you’re the little woman that wrote the book that made this Great War.”


What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
The compromise was that they had popular soverenty but that makes people go to state to vote for what they want


Why was Kansas bloody?
Kansas was where the first battlefield for the civil war was - when pro-slaves fighters attacked the town of Lawrence

What was the Dred Scott case? What was the outcome?
Dred Scott was a slave whose master joined the army as a surgeon and Scott followed him. When Scott’s master, Dr. Emerson, died, Dred Scott sued for his freedom, because he had lived in places where slavery was illegal, he was technically free. The case went to the Missouri Supreme Court, and Scott and his family were denied their freedom.


How did John Brown have a sense of humor?
When President Buchanan put a $250 bounty on Brown’s head, John put a $2.50 bounty on Buchanan’s head.


What was John Brown's plan when he attacked Harper's Ferry?
He was going to take over the arsenal, he had hoped that other slaves would come and fight with him and they would free slaves as they went south. No one showed up and is captured by the Captain.