1. Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson’s quote: “A little rebellion now and then is a good thing…God Forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion…The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.”
a. Without suffering which leads to rebellion/questioning, nothing would get accomplished. Jefferson supported the ideas that if people didn’t rebel, it would sort have meant that the people didn’t care about their freedom.
2. Why did Shay’s Rebellion happen?
a. There was a conflict of classes
i. Between the working-class farmer, inner-city laborers, servant class, smaller merchants, free blacks AND the bourgeoisies, landed, slaveholding gentry, international merchants
b. Massachusetts passed a state constitution in 1780
i. Poor and middle class peoples were banned from voting g and holding office
c. As economy worsened, farms were taken to pay off debts
3. The constitution is “a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.
a. Congress would have two parts: House of Representatives and Senate.
b. Slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person towards the voting. Though they couldn’t actually vote.
c. The position of President and Executive Branch
4. What was the Virginia Plan?
a. New government in America, two Legislators; Judicial and Executive branches were chosen by Legislators
5. “No person held in service” was a euphemism for what?
a. No slaves!
6. List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
a. Executive
i. Chooses Judicial
ii. Can veto laws
b. Legislative
i. Can override a veto with 2/3 of the votes
ii. Refuse the approve treaties
iii. Can question the Judicial
c. Judicial
i. Can declare what the President does illegal
ii. Can say that what Congress is doing is unconstitutional
7. Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
a. John Jay
b. Alexander Hamilton
c. James Madison
d. They wanted to convince the public that a strong central government was a good idea.
8. Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
a. 1st Amendment
i. Separation of church and state
ii. Freedom to worship
iii. Freedom of speech and press
iv. Right to assemble and petition for charges
b. 2nd Amendment
i. Right to bear arms
c. 3rd Amendment
i. Soldiers can’t be housed in a private home without the consent of the owner
d. 4th Amendment
i. Right to be free from unreasonable seizure and search
e. 5th Amendment
i. Laws about prosecuting including jury rights/duties
f. 6th Amendment
i. Right to a speedy public trial in district where crime was committed
g. 7th Amendment
i. Guarantees trial by jury
h. 8th Amendment
i. Prohibits cruel and unusual punishments
i. 9th Amendment
i. Defines the rule of the construction of the Constitution
j. 10 Amendment
i. Guarantees any powers not specifically delegated to federal governments or to the states rests with the people and states
1. Depending on the situation
9. Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)?
a. Mainly white land owning males
b. Each state had their own voting laws though
10. How did Washington D.C. be located on the banks of the Potomac?
a. Madison and Jefferson agreed to Hamilton’s plan to get the country out of debt, but they had to agree to move the capitol to the southern states
11. What did Jay’s Treaty do?
a. It forced the British soldiers to leaves America
12. What was the Whiskey Rebellion and how was it put down?
a. Backwoods farmers on the frontier of Western Pennsylvania protested against the large taxes on whiskey
b. Washington went out with 13,000ish men and stopped the farmers from rebelling
13. Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
a. Two Republicans/anti-federalist, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, tied in votes.
b. House of Representatives had to decide who won
c. Jefferson assured the Representatives that he would uphold many of the Federalist’s ideas, laws, and recommendations
14. Who was John Marshall?
a. Adam’s secretary of state
b. Supreme Justice Chief
c. Was the first to say Congress was being unconstitutional
15. Why did France sell its North American possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
a. They didn’t have a ton of money and Napoleon wanted a piece of the new world. In the end her decided the money was more important
16. What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
a. Jefferson sent them west of the Applications to get into the fur trade, retrieve information on the land, trade with the natives, and feel out political and military uses of the land
17. How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
a. Hamilton used his political influence to become Governor of New York which defeated and angered Burr
b. I don’t think that what he did was completely wrong. Anything goes when you want to win.
c. The ordeal ended when Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel; during which Burr shot and fatally wounded Hamilton
18. What was Jefferson’s Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
a. 1807 ~ The Embargo Act prohibited all exports into America
b. The point of the act was to deny the British any money.
c. Since the Americans couldn’t trade for good directly, the US couldn’t receive exotic goods like spices, silk, rum and scarce
19. What did Tecumseh try and do?
a. He tried to get all the Indians together to form an alliance. He almost pulled it off.
20. Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
a. Victory for the United States.
b. General William Harrison’s men were sent to watch the Native’s to make sure they wouldn’t attack the Americans
c. Tenskwata, Tecumseh’s brother, led an attack on Henry’s troops
d. Though he slaughtered the Natives, it wasn’t a successful attack because Harrison destroyed food stores, their village, and Tenskwata’s claim of magical protection
e. This battle ended the major Native rebellion and retaliation
21. Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
a. The treaty doesn't do anything. It forms boundaries for the Oregon Country and between Canada and the US.
b. And Washington D.C. is burned. When your capitol gets burned, you don’t really gain anything.
22. Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
a. January 1815.
b. The British outnumbered the Americans
i. Americans only had 8 casualties compared to Britain’s over 2000 casualties
c. Said to be one of the most lopsided American victories in history
23. What did the Monroe Doctrine do?
a. 1823
b. Declared that the United States would not tolerate intervention in the Americans by European Nations.
c. Becomes a tool in the 20th century: No one but the United States could meddle with internal affairs in the Western Hemisphere.
24. What was the Missouri Compromise?
a. 1820
b. Missouri was to be a slave state but anything north of Missouri's southern border could not be a slave state.
25. How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a ‘corrupt bargain’?
a. Person who wins the election of 1824 doesn't become President.
b. Jackson didn't have majority of the votes. The voting went to the house.
c. Henry Clay of KY decided to support John Quincy Adams as president
i. Adams elected Clay to be Secretary of State when he won the votes of the house
ii. People thought that this avoided the voting which many people disagreed with
26. List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
a. Adulterer
b. Murderer
c. Orphan
d. Horseracing Man
e. Frontiersman
f. War Hero
g. Indian Fighter
h. Native Hater
27. Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What ‘Indian Wars’ did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native ‘policy’ as President?
a. He wasn’t an Indian Hater. He knew what he wanted and would stop at nothing to get what he wanted.
b. He was called King Long Knife
c. In 1814 he fought in the Creek War
i. He took land away from the Creek Natives by using the Cherokee people against them
d. In 1819 he fought in a small illegal war in Florida
i. Killed many natives and destroyed lots of Spanish forts
1. Which forced the Spanish to sell Florida to America
e. His presidential policy instructed America to remove all Natives form their lands and place them elsewhere.
28. How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
a. Jackson is worshiped by the common people because his presidency, opinions and political party were all in line with the wishes of the middle-class people
b. Most important president after Washington & Jefferson
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