- Chapter 15!
- What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise?
- To settle arguments about slavery
- List the five parts of the Compromise of 1850.
- Fugitive Slave Act
- Provided federal jurisdiction to assist slave owners in the recovery of escaped slaves
- California was admitted as a free state
- New Mexico and Utah were organized without restrictions on slavery
- Texas, also unrestricted as to slavery, had its boundaries set and received $10 million for the land that came to be New Mexico
- The slave trade (but not slavery itself) was abolished in the District of Columbia
- What was Stephen Douglas's solution to the slavery issue in the Kansas and Nebraska territories?
- He proposed abandoning the Missouri Compromise and letting the settlers choose whether or not to allow slavery
- How did Abraham Lincoln become a national figure in politics?
- Lincoln was one of the first politicians to stick up for slaves. He thought that if a man worked for what he earned that he was an equal.
- What was the Dred Scott decision? What did it mean for those opposed to slavery?
- Dred Scott was a slave whose master joined the army as a surgeon and Scott followed him. When Scott's master, Dr. Emerson, died, Dred Scott sued for his freedom, because he had lived in places where slavery was illegal, he was technically free. The case went to the Missouri Supreme Court, and Scott and his family were denied their freedom.
- The court decided that because Scott was a slave, slaves were considered property, that under the fifth amendment, Congress could not take away property without "due process of law".
- The Republicans and other antislavery groups were outraged and thought the decision was "the greatest crime" and "a wicked and false judgment".
- Why were there four parties and candidates in the president election of 1860?
- The Democratic party split over the slavery issue and nominated two candidates in separate conventions. The Republicans were a new party made up of northern Whigs and others. They were against expansion of slavery and opposed Buchanan. The long existing Whig party died.
- How did Lincoln plan to prevent secession?
- He said that secession would not be permitted, vowing to hold federal property in the South and to enforce the laws of the US.
- Chapter 16!
- From 1861 to 1865
- They had a strong support from their white, Southern population. They were defending their territory. They had a stronger military leadership.
- Abraham Lincoln (Union) and Jefferson Davis (Confederacy)
- Nine days after the start of the war, a train of Union soldiers was mobbed by Confederates in baltimore. When medical got to DC Barton tended to wounded soldiers. Then after the First Battle of Bull Run, Barton was given a pass by General William Hammond to ride in army ambulances to provide comfort to the soldiers, at first without success. Finally, on August 3, she obtained permission to travel to the front lines, eventually reaching some of the grimmest battlefields of the war and serving during the Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia. She delivered supplies and aided the union. She helped surgeons with supplies and helped in the operations for the entire war.
- It would keep the south from exporting cotton and importing supplies for the war.
- This was a battle where the Confederates outnumbered the Union but the Union won because of their suprise attack. The Confederate Army lost 7,000+ men.
- All slaves in the Confederate Southern states were free forever!!!
- The Union yet the African Americans fight which aided them because they knew the lay of the land.
- When most of their slaves ran away it left their farmlands in ruin. Their cotton production went way down and trade was cut by as much as 2/3.
- Lee's soldiers had to lay down their arms, but then were free to go home, keep their horses and got enough food for three days.
- They were not happy. Most of them moved because they did not want to secede from the Union.
- Who ever had control of the rivers had control of all the trade routs and the river also acted as a barrier for the North after they gained control of it.
- Both sides of the War needed soldiers and both sides didn't have them so most of the African American were happy to fight for them because it was for their freedom.
- He had professional military training as well as experience, and was minded and bold.
Thursday, January 26, 2012
POW History Book Questions
Apocalypse Then: To the Civil War & Reconstruction
1. How had the U.S. changed in the 72 years from Washington to Lincoln?
a. It had become a pulsing, burgeoning world economic power whose lands stretched over the entire continent.
2. Who invented the cotton gin? How did the cotton gin change the country?
a. Eli Whitney
b. It started the Industrial Revolution in the North, while the South remained an Agrarian/slave-based economy.
3. Discuss the differences between the North and South by 1860. Why was it two cultures with two ideologies?
a. North:
i. 1/8 of the population was foreign-born. Europeans started migrating over to escape the famines and political turmoil. They came to America because they were drawn to the myth of unlimited wealth and endless possibility.
b. South:
i. The South wasn’t advancing like the North was so their overall population was growing as fast. The slave population however increased immensely from about 700,000 slaves in 1790 to 3.5 million slaves in 1860.
4. What did future President Grant have to say about the Mexican-American War?
a. It was “one of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation”.
5. How did the U.S. start the Mexican-American War? What did Zachary Taylor do to start the War?
a. President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor into territory that both the Mexicans and Americans thought was theirs. After months of negotiating to purchase Texas, Polk sent Taylor further into the undisputed territory to the banks of the Rio Grande.
b. Polk had Taylor cross the river and when a US soldier was found dead and some Mexicans attacked a US patrol, Polk told Congress that a war had been started.
6. What did Henry David Thoreau do to protest the Mexican-American War? How did this protest change the world?
a. He refused to pay poll taxes because they were used to finance the war. He then spent a night and jail.
b. After the war he wrote an essay/lecture that would later be known as ‘Civil Disobedience’.
i. This essay/lecture would go on to influence Mahatma Gandhi and Gandhi’s interpretation went on to inspire Martin Luther King.
7. Who was Frederick Douglas? Why was he important?
a. He was an escaped slave that bashed on the war through his own newspaper. He was able to escape because of the Underground Railroad, which was purposely vague in his autobiography because he didn’t want to danger those who aided his journey.
b. During the Civil War, he became an advisor for Lincoln. He recruited soldiers for the Union cause and lobbied for their equal pay. After the war, he accepted numerous government appointments and eventually became the ambassador to Haiti.
8. What was the Underground Railroad? Where did it run?
a. The Underground Railroad was a loose network of persons who thought that every freed slave marked a victory in the war against slavery. The railroad ran from the South northward through Philadelphia and New York towards freedom in Canada and the Northeast.
9. Who was Harriet Tubman? Why is she important?
a. She was born a Maryland slave who made her way to freedom in 1849 only to immediately return to the South to help other slaves escape. She made some 19 trips herself and helped at least 300 slaves to freedom.
b. During the Civil War she served with Union troops as a cook and as a spy behind Confederate lines.
10. What was the Compromise of 1850? What bills came out of it?
a. It was a compromise that would hopefully settle the dispute between the new territories and the economy change of the California Gold Rush
b. Bills
i. Fugitive Slave Act
1. Provided federal jurisdiction to assist slave owners in the recovery of escaped slaves
ii. California was admitted as a free state
iii. New Mexico and Utah were organized without restrictions on slavery
iv. Texas, also unrestricted as to slavery, had its boundaries set and received $10 million for the land that came to be New Mexico
v. The slave trade (but not slavery itself) was abolished in the District of Columbia
11. Why was Uncle Tom’s Cabin important?
a. It showed that slaves had feelings and were mothers, fathers, son, daughters, sisters, and brothers too; there were actual people too.
b. Made the Americans realize the injustices that slaves had to go through
12. What were Lincoln’s words to Stowe about the book?
a. Lincoln gave Stowe credit for writing the book that started the war.
b. “So you’re the little woman that wrote the book that made this Great War.”
13. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
a. The compromise was that they had popular soverenty but that makes people go to state to vote for what they want
14. Why was Kansas bloody?
a. Kansas was where the first battlefield for the civil war was
i. When pro-slaves fighters attacked the town of Lawrence
15. What did John Brown do in Kansas?
a. He attacked a pro-slavery town on Pottawatomie Creek, slaughtering five settlers.
16. What was the Dred Scott case? What was the outcome?
a. Dred Scott was a slave whose master joined the army as a surgeon and Scott followed him. When Scott’s master, Dr. Emerson, died, Dred Scott sued for his freedom, because he had lived in places where slavery was illegal, he was technically free. The case went to the Missouri Supreme Court, and Scott and his family were denied their freedom.
17. How did John Brown have a sense of humor?
a. When President Buchanan put a $250 bounty on Brown’s head, John put a $2.50 bounty on Buchanan’s head.
18. What was John Brown’s plan when he attacked Harper’s Ferry?
a. He was going to take over the arsenal, he had hoped that other slaves would come and fight with him and they would free slaves as they went south. No one showed up and is captured by the Captain.
Thursday, January 5, 2012
Chapter 12 Questions
1) What was Manifest Destiny?
The American's idea that they had a right/destiny to extend its boundaries across the entire North American continent.
2) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it?
It lay between the Pacific Ocean, Rocky Mountains and north of California; what is now Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, also including about half of British Canada. The United States claimed land based on Gray's discovery on the Columbia River and Lewis & Clark's discovery. Great Britain's claimed land was based on British explorations of the Columbia River. Spain claimed California, and Russia was in control of land that stretched south from AK into Oregon.
3) Who were the Mountain Men?
Merchants that traded for furs that the Native Americans supplied. They spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains.
4) Why was the Oregon Trail important?
Oregon fever swept the Mississippi in the early 1840s. The Panic of 1837 hit the region hard and they formed groups to gather information on Oregon and how to get there. The pioneers then gathered all their supplies and moved west in their prairie schooners.
5) Discuss the meaning behind the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"?
The slogan for the Democrat party referred to the line of latitude that they believed should be the nation's northern border in Oregon, if it wasn't this way they were going to war!
6) James Polk made what promises to the American public during the election of 1844 (list four - you might need to look up on the internet).
To acquire California from Mexico
To settle the Oregon dispute
To lower the tariff
To establish a sub-treasury
To retire from office after only 4 years (1 term)
7) Discuss how Texas became independent.
Four days before the fall of the Alamo, American settlers and Tejanos declared independence from Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. Texas didn't become a state until 1845 under President Polk.
8) Discuss the battles of The Alamo and San Jacinto.
Alamo:
The Texans, lead by Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, and William B. Travis, fought off Santa Anna's army with rifle fire. On March 6, 1836, Mexican cannon fire broke down the walls of the Alamo. The defenders killed many Mexicans as they crossed open land and tried to climb the walls. There were to many Mexicans to fend off! They entered the fortress and killed Travis, Crockett, Bowie and all other defenders.
San Jacinto:
One April 21th, the Texans launched a surprise attack on the Mexicans. They were yelling , "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" They killed over 600 soldiers and took about 700 captives. On May 14, 1836, Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognizes the independence of Texas.
9) How long did it take the U.S. to annex Texas? Why?
Houston asked Jackson to annex Texas in September 1836. It officially became a state on December 29, 1845. It took about eight years because Jackson and others thought that the addition of another slave state would upset the ratio of free states to slave states.
10) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a "Just War"?
President Polk provoked Mexico. Mexico wasn't paying America for the losses in the Texan War for independence because of border disputes. The Mexicans rejected many of the state's offers to purchase California and New Mexico territory for $30 million. James Polk approached Congress and his cabinet and they decided to send an army to get the money. The Americans set up a fort above the Rio Grande.
The War started because America wanted control of California and the New Mexico Territory (modern day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Utah.)
The 'Just War' term was used to describe the Mexican-American War because Mexico invaded territories that had been claimed by the U.S., though the American's were too stubborn and absent-minded to recognize that Mexico had also placed claims on the land.
11) What was the American response to the war?
Some supported and some opposed the war. Some called the war unfounded while others thought it was Manifest Destiny at work.
12) List the major battles of the war.
Battle of Monterrey
Battle of Mexico City
Battle of Buena Vista
13) What was the cost of the war?
$125 million
1721 Americans dead in war
11,000+ lost to disease
14) Why was the California Gold Rush important?
The Gold Rush boosted economy and population while also making California more prosperous. Also lead some Mormons to Utah in search of religious freedom.
15) Answer the following questions on page 380 -
#6
The countries compromised and decided to set the boundary at 49 degrees North.
#7
The addition of another slave state would upset the ratio of non-slave states to slave states.
#8
It would create an ocean borders between America and other nations instead of having a foreign power as the border. By making the ocean the border is safer.
#9
Mexico refused to sell California and New Mexico to the Americans.
The United States annexed Texas, which the Mexicans thought was illegal.
#10
The gold miners had no other place to purchase their supplies such as food, so the merchants could charge them what ever price they wanted.
#13
The States almost doubled the size of America by adding California, Texas and the New Mexico Territory. The new border was modified to be cut off at the Rio Grande and to be the ocean.
#14
They were extremely upset and though it was ridiculous. >=(
#15
The British and the Americans were unable to come to a compromise. Although, in the Mexican-American War case, the Americans were interested in taking all of the land rather than just expanding North. When a compromise was not reached, the war began.
The American's idea that they had a right/destiny to extend its boundaries across the entire North American continent.
2) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it?
It lay between the Pacific Ocean, Rocky Mountains and north of California; what is now Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, also including about half of British Canada. The United States claimed land based on Gray's discovery on the Columbia River and Lewis & Clark's discovery. Great Britain's claimed land was based on British explorations of the Columbia River. Spain claimed California, and Russia was in control of land that stretched south from AK into Oregon.
3) Who were the Mountain Men?
Merchants that traded for furs that the Native Americans supplied. They spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains.
4) Why was the Oregon Trail important?
Oregon fever swept the Mississippi in the early 1840s. The Panic of 1837 hit the region hard and they formed groups to gather information on Oregon and how to get there. The pioneers then gathered all their supplies and moved west in their prairie schooners.
5) Discuss the meaning behind the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"?
The slogan for the Democrat party referred to the line of latitude that they believed should be the nation's northern border in Oregon, if it wasn't this way they were going to war!
6) James Polk made what promises to the American public during the election of 1844 (list four - you might need to look up on the internet).
To acquire California from Mexico
To settle the Oregon dispute
To lower the tariff
To establish a sub-treasury
To retire from office after only 4 years (1 term)
7) Discuss how Texas became independent.
Four days before the fall of the Alamo, American settlers and Tejanos declared independence from Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. Texas didn't become a state until 1845 under President Polk.
8) Discuss the battles of The Alamo and San Jacinto.
Alamo:
The Texans, lead by Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, and William B. Travis, fought off Santa Anna's army with rifle fire. On March 6, 1836, Mexican cannon fire broke down the walls of the Alamo. The defenders killed many Mexicans as they crossed open land and tried to climb the walls. There were to many Mexicans to fend off! They entered the fortress and killed Travis, Crockett, Bowie and all other defenders.
San Jacinto:
One April 21th, the Texans launched a surprise attack on the Mexicans. They were yelling , "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" They killed over 600 soldiers and took about 700 captives. On May 14, 1836, Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognizes the independence of Texas.
9) How long did it take the U.S. to annex Texas? Why?
Houston asked Jackson to annex Texas in September 1836. It officially became a state on December 29, 1845. It took about eight years because Jackson and others thought that the addition of another slave state would upset the ratio of free states to slave states.
10) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a "Just War"?
President Polk provoked Mexico. Mexico wasn't paying America for the losses in the Texan War for independence because of border disputes. The Mexicans rejected many of the state's offers to purchase California and New Mexico territory for $30 million. James Polk approached Congress and his cabinet and they decided to send an army to get the money. The Americans set up a fort above the Rio Grande.
The War started because America wanted control of California and the New Mexico Territory (modern day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Utah.)
The 'Just War' term was used to describe the Mexican-American War because Mexico invaded territories that had been claimed by the U.S., though the American's were too stubborn and absent-minded to recognize that Mexico had also placed claims on the land.
11) What was the American response to the war?
Some supported and some opposed the war. Some called the war unfounded while others thought it was Manifest Destiny at work.
12) List the major battles of the war.
Battle of Monterrey
Battle of Mexico City
Battle of Buena Vista
13) What was the cost of the war?
$125 million
1721 Americans dead in war
11,000+ lost to disease
14) Why was the California Gold Rush important?
The Gold Rush boosted economy and population while also making California more prosperous. Also lead some Mormons to Utah in search of religious freedom.
15) Answer the following questions on page 380 -
#6
The countries compromised and decided to set the boundary at 49 degrees North.
#7
The addition of another slave state would upset the ratio of non-slave states to slave states.
#8
It would create an ocean borders between America and other nations instead of having a foreign power as the border. By making the ocean the border is safer.
#9
Mexico refused to sell California and New Mexico to the Americans.
The United States annexed Texas, which the Mexicans thought was illegal.
#10
The gold miners had no other place to purchase their supplies such as food, so the merchants could charge them what ever price they wanted.
#13
The States almost doubled the size of America by adding California, Texas and the New Mexico Territory. The new border was modified to be cut off at the Rio Grande and to be the ocean.
#14
They were extremely upset and though it was ridiculous. >=(
#15
The British and the Americans were unable to come to a compromise. Although, in the Mexican-American War case, the Americans were interested in taking all of the land rather than just expanding North. When a compromise was not reached, the war began.
Wednesday, January 4, 2012
Manifest Destiny
Thursday, December 15, 2011
QUESTIONS FOR FINAL ~only 16 questions on test~
PART I: 1492-1754
1) What was Columbus looking for?
A trading route to India
2) Why was a passage to India important for European countries to find?
Because it would be a huge boost in the economy and create a respectable amount of wealth.
3) How did the crusades change European and how did it lead to the exploration of the "New World"?
It gave the Europeans a taste of spices from fighting the Muslims. No bland food. Brought on the renaissance. Europe comes in contact with a culture that is more advanced than its self.
4) How did tobacco change the course of America (particularly the Virginia colony)?
Save the Colony. Used as Currency.
5) Discuss the rise of self-government in America (make sure you note the House of Burgesses, the
Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut).
6) How did religion play an essential role in the shaping of the early colonies?
7) Discuss why early colonists came to America (the various reasons - begin to relate these to the American Dream and the American Character).
8) What was the Great Migration?
A bunch of
9) What was the renaissance and how does it fit with the exploration of the Americas?
10) Where the 1st Europeans to the Americas "Explorers" or "Invaders"? Please justify your answer.
11) How did the English distance the relationship between indentured whites and black slaves? Why did they fear a relationship between the two?
12) Please to list the six colonies and why they were formed (and by what settlers).
Virginia - 1607
Massachusetts - 1620
New York - 1626
Maryland - 1633
Rhode Island - 1636
Connecticut - 1636
13) Know the following people: John Rolfe, John Smith, John Winthrop, Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, William Bradford, John Wheelright, Jacques Marquette, Samuel de Champlain, Francis Drake, John Cabot, Henry Hudson, Ferdinand Magellan, Francisco Pizarro, Hernan Cortes, Squanto, Samoset.
14) What is the difference between the Separatists and Puritians?
15) Discuss King Phillips War and how it changed America?
16) When did the 1st Africans come to the English colonies? Where? What was the purpose of importing them (be specific)?
17) According to Zinn why were Africans easier to force into labor than Native Americans or poor white immigrants?
18) Why were each of the 13 colonies established?
19) How did religious freedom, slavery, and self-government shape the first 13 colonies (be exact - this should be an paragraph for each).
20) How did the Massacre at Mystic change America?
21) What was King Philips War? Why did it start and what was the outcome of it?
22) What was Nat Bacon's rebellion really about?
23) Why did Philadelphia become an important city?
PART II: FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
* What are the reasons the war starts and spreads to become a world war?
*What are the reasons the French lost?
*How does the British turn the tide of the War?
* What are the results of the war?
Proclamation of 1763
~ King George III declared that the colonists couldn't move west of the Appalachian Mountains
* How did the war begin?
*What was George Washington's role in the war and how did it prepare him for the Revolution?
* Why were the following people important:
Edward Braddock ~ Commander in chief of the British forces in America;
Half-King
Marquis de Montcalm ~ Main French General in North America; Very successful in the beginning of the war (Especially in Carillon; At the Massacre of Fort William Henry); is defeated at the Battle of Quebec (He decided to take to the field instead of staying in the Fort);
James Wolfe ~ British General that wins the Battle of Quebec; But dies during the battle; Becomes Hero of the war
General Forbes ~ British General; Captures what becomes Fort Pitt/Fort Duquesne - builds roads through the wilderness, setting up Forts along the way, he makes an agreement with the Natives to put down their arms, French see him coming and they burn the fort and run;
William Pitt ~ Pittsburg was names after; he gave the colonists what they wanted and in return they decided to fight for the British; But when he does this he borrows a lot of money with no thoughts of how to pay it back (which eventually leads to the Revolutionary War)
* Discuss the Native Indians role and importance in the war. What battles did they fight in? How did they change the power structure? What agenda did they have?
Battles ~
Power Structure ~ In the Beginning they are sided with the French and the French are wining the war, when they switched to the British side, the British started wining
Agenda ~ They sided with the British because they posed less of a threat, the Natives thought that if they sided with the British because they hoped to keep most of their land
* The French and Indian war begin over what area of land?
Forks of the Ohio
* Why did the Native Americans take captives? Was this an effective practice?
~ To Strike fear in the hearts of the British
~ To replace their men
PART III: The Revolution
(1775-17831)
1) According to Paul Johnson what was the most deciding factor in the colonists victory over the British?
British Historian ~ Wrote the History of the American History
Thought that the Americans had better leaders than the British
2) How did the colonists win the media war, the ideological battle and the emotional battle?
3) What important things did Patrick Henry do?
"Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Convinced the Virginia Convention to go to war
Against the Constitution because it didn't have any individual rights
BIG part of getting the Bill of Rights adopted
4) How was Thomas Jefferson a “mass of contradictions”.
5) What was Thomas Jefferson’s most important quality (according to Johnson).
His ability to write well
Arguably the best writer of our fore fathers
6) What did Common Sense do? Who wrote it.
Thomas Pain wrote Common Sense to persuade the American people to declare Independence against Britain.
(Also write the Crises later)
7) What was the 1st constitution? What powers did it give the government?
Articles of Confederation
Congress could raise an army but couldn't tax
Could make laws but couldn't enforce them
8) What was the paradox of the war (at least from Britain's point of view)?
If they win, the acquire a bunch of angry colonies. If they lose they just lose a little pride.
Ironically at they end of the war, a strong trading system is set up between the British and the Colonies.
9) What was Washington's main strength as a commander? Why did he win the war?
He understood that as a commander he didn't need to win a lot of battles, he just needed to keep his army alive. He needed to put up a defense as long as the British had the will to fight/the
10) What were the four points of the Peace of Paris - as laid out by John Adams?
~America to be recognized as an independent nation
~Set boundaries for 13 colonies
~Canada would remain under British control
~Fishing off the coast of New Foundland
12) Who were the big losers of the war (name three)? List what they lost and explain why they are the biggest losers.
French ~ Didn't get anything out of the treaty; only acquired a lot of debt
Natives ~ They side with Britain but after the war is over, the British leave the Natives
Loyalists ~ Most of them had to move; if they did stay, they had to keep their mouths shut;
13) What happened to the Loyalists in America after the war.
Most of them had to move; if they did stay, they had to keep their mouths shut;
14) What were the most important battles of the war. Why do you think they are the most important? (Note battles is plural).
Yorktown ~ Last major battle; British (Cornwallis) surrender to a large French/American (Washington) force; never would have been possible without the help of the French navy
Saratoga ~ Major British surrender (Johnny Burgoyne surrendered to Hartio Gates); Brings French onto the American side
Cowpens ~ Daniel Morgan had a lot of militia forces; British fire on Militia force, the Militia run away but reappear on the other side, the Continental forces come forward,
15) List at least five reasons why the Americans won.
~Washington was their commander
~They were on their home land
~They had reasons that awakened their want for independence
~They had the French on their side
~British had to send supplies/troops over seas
16) List the importance of the following people in the cause of the Revolution.
A) Thomas Paine
~ Wrote Common Sense which persuaded the American people
B) Thomas Jefferson
~Wrote Declaration of Independence
C) John Adams
~ The smart Adams
~Main speaker on the floor of the Continental Congress
~ Appoints Jefferson as the writer
~Ambassador to the French with Franklin, though the French hated Adams and loved Franklin
D) Samuel Adams
~ Failed Brewer
~ He was the activist
~ Formed the Sons of Liberty
~ Boston Tea Party
E) John Hancock
~ Wealthy
~Signed the Declaration of Independence
~ Financed the war
~ Probably the richest man in New England
~ Not the brightest compared to Adams, Jefferson and Franklin
F) George Washington
G) James Otis
~ Crazy Lawyer
~ Wasn't really in the war because he was emitted to a Mental Institution
~"No taxation without representation"
H) Benjamin Franklin
~ Embodies the American Dream
~ Came from nothing
~ Ambassador to the French, French LOVED him
I) Benedict Arnold (think beyond his treason)
~ Originally Washington's right hand man
~ Saratoga is one of his big victories
~Traitor! 1780
~Isn't recognized by Congress so he switches sides
~(Wife had ties to the British side....She was British)
J) Patrick Henry
K) Alexander Hamilton
~ Embodies the American Dream
~ Helped write the Federalist Papers
~ Advocate for a strong central government
~ Created the Bank of America
~ In charge of the Treasury
~ Helped get the office of President started
~ BIG promoter of the Constitution
~ Trusted by Washington because he was one of his aids during the war
~ Gets the States out of debt in the early 1790's
17) Who was Molly Pitcher?
She was a woman who fought in the Revolutionary War. She brought pitchers of water to her husband and the soldiers and after he was shot she supposedly picked up his rifle and fought for him.
18) Why did the British strategy for the war make little sense?
19) How did the British fail to win the war in 1776? Who was the General in charge?
20) "America was already developing the notion that all were entitled to the best if they worked hard enough, that aiming high was not only morally acceptable but admirable." Discuss the importance of this statement.
21) Who were the two most important people involved with the push towards a new constitution?
22) Give examples of how the Articles of Confederation failed.
The had the right to raise an army but couldn't tax. They could also make laws but couldn't enforce them.
23) In your option why would some people prefer State rights over a strong Central government. What are the arguments for both sides?
24) What is a nomiocracy? How do you feel about this term connected with the U.S. government?
25) What were the three compromises on the Constitution? Which one of these seems the strangest to you?
26) What is the irony about the President vs. a King as example by Johnson?
27) Know the importance of Valley Forge. What happened there? What the troops had to overcome? Compare this with the British winter quarters.
28) What help did France, Spain, and the Netherlands offer the colonies?
29) What is important about Judith Sargeant Murray and Abigail Adams?
30) Discuss the war in the west.
31) Discuss the war in the south.
32) What is the importance of the following people:
A) George Rogers Clark.
B) John Paul Jones.
C) Nathanael Greene.
D) Comte de Rochambeau.
E) Admiral Francois de Grasse.
33) What is important about Washington's farewell address?
34) Why did the natives give support to the British?
35) Why did the British think their military forces were superior to those of the Americans?
36) Why was fighting on their own land an advantage for the Americans?
Because the British had to send troops and supplies over seas and it took forever.
PART IV: The Constitution, Jefferson, War of 1812, Jackson
1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
~ Without suffering which leads to rebellion/questioning, nothing would get accomplished. Jefferson supported the ideas that if people didn’t rebel, it would sort have meant that the people didn’t care about their
2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.
4) What was the Virginia Plan?
~ New government in America, two Legislators; Judicial and Executive branches were chosen by Legislators
5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
~No slaves!
6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
~John Jay
~Alexander Hamilton
~James Madison
~They wanted to convince the public that a strong central government was a good idea
8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
9) Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)?
~Mainly white land owning males
~Each state had their own voting laws though
10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?
Madison and Jefferson agreed to Hamilton's plan to get the country out of debt, but they had to agree to move the capitol to the southern states
11) What did Jay's Treaty do?
It forced the British soldiers to leave America
12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
~Backwoods farmers on the frontier of Western Pennsylvania protested against the large taxes on whiskey
~Washington went out with 13,000ish men and stopped the farmers from rebelling
13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
~Two Republican/anti-federalist, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, tied in votes
~House of Representatives had to decide who won
~Jefferson assured the Representatives that he would uphold many of the Federalist's ideas, laws, and recommendation.
14) Who was John Marshall?
~Adam's secretary of state
~Supreme Justice Chief
~Was the first to say Congress was being unconstitutional
15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
~ They didn’t have a ton of money and Napoleon wanted a piece of the new world. In the end he decided the money was more important
16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
Jefferson sent them west of the Applications to get into the fur trade, retrieve information on the land, trade with the natives, and feel out political and military uses of the land
17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
~ Hamilton used his political influence to become Governor of New York which defeated and angered Burr
~ I don’t think that what he did was completely wrong. Anything goes when you want to win.
~ The ordeal ended when Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel; during which Burr shot and fatally wounded Hamilton18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
~ He tried to get all the Indians together to form an alliance. He almost pulled it off.
20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
~ The treaty doesn't do anything. It forms boundaries for the Oregon Country and between Canada and the US.
~And Washington D.C. is burned. When your capitol gets burned, you don’t really gain anything.
22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
~ January 1815.
~ The British outnumbered the Americans
~ Americans only had 8 casualties compared to Britain’s over 2000 casualties
~ Said to be one of the most lopsided American victories in history
23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
1823
~ Declared that the United States would not tolerate intervention in the Americans by European Nations.
~ Becomes a tool in the 20th century: No one but the United States could meddle with internal affairs in the
Western Hemisphere.
24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
~ 1820
~ Missouri was to be a slave state but anything north of Missouri's southern border could not be a slave state.
25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
~Person who wins the election of 1824 doesn't become President.
~ Jackson didn't have majority of the votes. The voting went to the house.
~Henry Clay of KY decided to support John Quincy Adams as president
26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President?
28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
29) Name the 1st seven Presidents of the United States
1) George Washington ~ VP-John Adams
2) John Adams ~ VP-Thomas Jefferson
3) Thomas Jefferson ~ VP-Aaron Burr/George Clinton
4) James Madison ~ VP- George Clinton/Elbridge Gerry
5) James Monroe ~ VP- Daniel D. Tompkins
6) John Quincy Adams ~ VP- John C. Calhoun
7) Andrew Jackson ~ VP-John C. Calhoun/Martin Van Buren
War of 1812
1) Importance of Fort McHenry.
Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner there
2) Burning of D.C. by the British.
3) Battle of Plattsburg
4) Battle of New Orleans
5) Native Defeats: Tecumseh and the Creeks (Battle of Thames and Horseshoe Bend).
Chapter 11 Questions (PAY ATTENTION TO ANDREW JACKSON)
1) Discuss the following during Jackson administration:
a) The changes in voting policies
b) The Spoils System
c) Changes in the electoral college
d) The fight between State Rights and the Central Government (think about the Tariff Debate, the Issue of Nullification, John C. Calhoun and the threat of secession). How do these issues foreshadow the Civil War?
2) Describe the Cherokee removal from their lands. Make sure you include the following:
a) How the Cherokee lived in 1830.
b) The previous treaties made to the Cherokee by the U.S. Government.
c) The Cherokee suing the state government and the ruling in the Supreme Court by John Marshall.
d) Andrew Jackson's reaction to John Marshall.
e) General Winfield Scott's role.
f) The Trail of Tears.
3) Discuss Jackson's fight against the Bank of the United States.
a) What were his arguments against the bank?
b) How does he win against the bank?
Possible Essay Questions for Test:
4) Be able to trace self-government and democracy from Virginia Plantation to the Jacksonian Era. Make sure you include reasons why self-government was important to the early colonies (and the earliest examples of colonists self-government), how the local governments come to have a separation of church and state, control of education, contain ideas of freedom of the press; how the French and Indian War was influence by the colonial self-government and how this begin the Revolution; the ideas found in the Declaration, Bill of Rights, and the fight between the ideas of State rights and a Strong Central Government; and who got to vote and how these voters expanded during Jackson's reign.
5) Be able to trace the idea of the American Dream or the Image of what it means to be an American from the Virginia Plantation, to Plymouth Rock and the North Colonies, to the ideas of expansion, the Revolution, and the ideas of the self-made man. Be sure to include: Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, the ideas of the Revolution, and the Louisiana Purchase.
6) Discuss the role of slavery and its growth from its inception in 1619 through 1830. Make sure you bring up the following: the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, the Constitution, the Compromise of 1820, Jackson's invasion of Florida, the difference between North and South economies.
1) What was Columbus looking for?
A trading route to India
2) Why was a passage to India important for European countries to find?
Because it would be a huge boost in the economy and create a respectable amount of wealth.
3) How did the crusades change European and how did it lead to the exploration of the "New World"?
It gave the Europeans a taste of spices from fighting the Muslims. No bland food. Brought on the renaissance. Europe comes in contact with a culture that is more advanced than its self.
4) How did tobacco change the course of America (particularly the Virginia colony)?
Save the Colony. Used as Currency.
5) Discuss the rise of self-government in America (make sure you note the House of Burgesses, the
Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut).
6) How did religion play an essential role in the shaping of the early colonies?
7) Discuss why early colonists came to America (the various reasons - begin to relate these to the American Dream and the American Character).
8) What was the Great Migration?
A bunch of
9) What was the renaissance and how does it fit with the exploration of the Americas?
10) Where the 1st Europeans to the Americas "Explorers" or "Invaders"? Please justify your answer.
11) How did the English distance the relationship between indentured whites and black slaves? Why did they fear a relationship between the two?
12) Please to list the six colonies and why they were formed (and by what settlers).
Virginia - 1607
Massachusetts - 1620
New York - 1626
Maryland - 1633
Rhode Island - 1636
Connecticut - 1636
13) Know the following people: John Rolfe, John Smith, John Winthrop, Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, William Bradford, John Wheelright, Jacques Marquette, Samuel de Champlain, Francis Drake, John Cabot, Henry Hudson, Ferdinand Magellan, Francisco Pizarro, Hernan Cortes, Squanto, Samoset.
14) What is the difference between the Separatists and Puritians?
15) Discuss King Phillips War and how it changed America?
16) When did the 1st Africans come to the English colonies? Where? What was the purpose of importing them (be specific)?
17) According to Zinn why were Africans easier to force into labor than Native Americans or poor white immigrants?
18) Why were each of the 13 colonies established?
19) How did religious freedom, slavery, and self-government shape the first 13 colonies (be exact - this should be an paragraph for each).
20) How did the Massacre at Mystic change America?
21) What was King Philips War? Why did it start and what was the outcome of it?
22) What was Nat Bacon's rebellion really about?
23) Why did Philadelphia become an important city?
PART II: FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
* What are the reasons the war starts and spreads to become a world war?
*What are the reasons the French lost?
*How does the British turn the tide of the War?
* What are the results of the war?
Proclamation of 1763
~ King George III declared that the colonists couldn't move west of the Appalachian Mountains
* How did the war begin?
*What was George Washington's role in the war and how did it prepare him for the Revolution?
* Why were the following people important:
Edward Braddock ~ Commander in chief of the British forces in America;
Half-King
Marquis de Montcalm ~ Main French General in North America; Very successful in the beginning of the war (Especially in Carillon; At the Massacre of Fort William Henry); is defeated at the Battle of Quebec (He decided to take to the field instead of staying in the Fort);
James Wolfe ~ British General that wins the Battle of Quebec; But dies during the battle; Becomes Hero of the war
General Forbes ~ British General; Captures what becomes Fort Pitt/Fort Duquesne - builds roads through the wilderness, setting up Forts along the way, he makes an agreement with the Natives to put down their arms, French see him coming and they burn the fort and run;
William Pitt ~ Pittsburg was names after; he gave the colonists what they wanted and in return they decided to fight for the British; But when he does this he borrows a lot of money with no thoughts of how to pay it back (which eventually leads to the Revolutionary War)
* Discuss the Native Indians role and importance in the war. What battles did they fight in? How did they change the power structure? What agenda did they have?
Battles ~
Power Structure ~ In the Beginning they are sided with the French and the French are wining the war, when they switched to the British side, the British started wining
Agenda ~ They sided with the British because they posed less of a threat, the Natives thought that if they sided with the British because they hoped to keep most of their land
* The French and Indian war begin over what area of land?
Forks of the Ohio
* Why did the Native Americans take captives? Was this an effective practice?
~ To Strike fear in the hearts of the British
~ To replace their men
PART III: The Revolution
(1775-17831)
1) According to Paul Johnson what was the most deciding factor in the colonists victory over the British?
British Historian ~ Wrote the History of the American History
Thought that the Americans had better leaders than the British
2) How did the colonists win the media war, the ideological battle and the emotional battle?
3) What important things did Patrick Henry do?
"Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Convinced the Virginia Convention to go to war
Against the Constitution because it didn't have any individual rights
BIG part of getting the Bill of Rights adopted
4) How was Thomas Jefferson a “mass of contradictions”.
5) What was Thomas Jefferson’s most important quality (according to Johnson).
His ability to write well
Arguably the best writer of our fore fathers
6) What did Common Sense do? Who wrote it.
Thomas Pain wrote Common Sense to persuade the American people to declare Independence against Britain.
(Also write the Crises later)
7) What was the 1st constitution? What powers did it give the government?
Articles of Confederation
Congress could raise an army but couldn't tax
Could make laws but couldn't enforce them
8) What was the paradox of the war (at least from Britain's point of view)?
If they win, the acquire a bunch of angry colonies. If they lose they just lose a little pride.
Ironically at they end of the war, a strong trading system is set up between the British and the Colonies.
9) What was Washington's main strength as a commander? Why did he win the war?
He understood that as a commander he didn't need to win a lot of battles, he just needed to keep his army alive. He needed to put up a defense as long as the British had the will to fight/the
10) What were the four points of the Peace of Paris - as laid out by John Adams?
~America to be recognized as an independent nation
~Set boundaries for 13 colonies
~Canada would remain under British control
~Fishing off the coast of New Foundland
12) Who were the big losers of the war (name three)? List what they lost and explain why they are the biggest losers.
French ~ Didn't get anything out of the treaty; only acquired a lot of debt
Natives ~ They side with Britain but after the war is over, the British leave the Natives
Loyalists ~ Most of them had to move; if they did stay, they had to keep their mouths shut;
13) What happened to the Loyalists in America after the war.
Most of them had to move; if they did stay, they had to keep their mouths shut;
14) What were the most important battles of the war. Why do you think they are the most important? (Note battles is plural).
Yorktown ~ Last major battle; British (Cornwallis) surrender to a large French/American (Washington) force; never would have been possible without the help of the French navy
Saratoga ~ Major British surrender (Johnny Burgoyne surrendered to Hartio Gates); Brings French onto the American side
Cowpens ~ Daniel Morgan had a lot of militia forces; British fire on Militia force, the Militia run away but reappear on the other side, the Continental forces come forward,
15) List at least five reasons why the Americans won.
~Washington was their commander
~They were on their home land
~They had reasons that awakened their want for independence
~They had the French on their side
~British had to send supplies/troops over seas
16) List the importance of the following people in the cause of the Revolution.
A) Thomas Paine
~ Wrote Common Sense which persuaded the American people
B) Thomas Jefferson
~Wrote Declaration of Independence
C) John Adams
~ The smart Adams
~Main speaker on the floor of the Continental Congress
~ Appoints Jefferson as the writer
~Ambassador to the French with Franklin, though the French hated Adams and loved Franklin
D) Samuel Adams
~ Failed Brewer
~ He was the activist
~ Formed the Sons of Liberty
~ Boston Tea Party
E) John Hancock
~ Wealthy
~Signed the Declaration of Independence
~ Financed the war
~ Probably the richest man in New England
~ Not the brightest compared to Adams, Jefferson and Franklin
F) George Washington
G) James Otis
~ Crazy Lawyer
~ Wasn't really in the war because he was emitted to a Mental Institution
~"No taxation without representation"
H) Benjamin Franklin
~ Embodies the American Dream
~ Came from nothing
~ Ambassador to the French, French LOVED him
I) Benedict Arnold (think beyond his treason)
~ Originally Washington's right hand man
~ Saratoga is one of his big victories
~Traitor! 1780
~Isn't recognized by Congress so he switches sides
~(Wife had ties to the British side....She was British)
J) Patrick Henry
"Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Convinced the Virginia Convention to go to war
Against the Constitution because it didn't have any individual rights
BIG part of getting the Bill of Rights adopted
K) Alexander Hamilton
~ Embodies the American Dream
~ Helped write the Federalist Papers
~ Advocate for a strong central government
~ Created the Bank of America
~ In charge of the Treasury
~ Helped get the office of President started
~ BIG promoter of the Constitution
~ Trusted by Washington because he was one of his aids during the war
~ Gets the States out of debt in the early 1790's
17) Who was Molly Pitcher?
She was a woman who fought in the Revolutionary War. She brought pitchers of water to her husband and the soldiers and after he was shot she supposedly picked up his rifle and fought for him.
18) Why did the British strategy for the war make little sense?
19) How did the British fail to win the war in 1776? Who was the General in charge?
20) "America was already developing the notion that all were entitled to the best if they worked hard enough, that aiming high was not only morally acceptable but admirable." Discuss the importance of this statement.
21) Who were the two most important people involved with the push towards a new constitution?
22) Give examples of how the Articles of Confederation failed.
The had the right to raise an army but couldn't tax. They could also make laws but couldn't enforce them.
23) In your option why would some people prefer State rights over a strong Central government. What are the arguments for both sides?
24) What is a nomiocracy? How do you feel about this term connected with the U.S. government?
25) What were the three compromises on the Constitution? Which one of these seems the strangest to you?
26) What is the irony about the President vs. a King as example by Johnson?
27) Know the importance of Valley Forge. What happened there? What the troops had to overcome? Compare this with the British winter quarters.
28) What help did France, Spain, and the Netherlands offer the colonies?
29) What is important about Judith Sargeant Murray and Abigail Adams?
30) Discuss the war in the west.
31) Discuss the war in the south.
32) What is the importance of the following people:
A) George Rogers Clark.
B) John Paul Jones.
C) Nathanael Greene.
D) Comte de Rochambeau.
E) Admiral Francois de Grasse.
33) What is important about Washington's farewell address?
34) Why did the natives give support to the British?
35) Why did the British think their military forces were superior to those of the Americans?
36) Why was fighting on their own land an advantage for the Americans?
Because the British had to send troops and supplies over seas and it took forever.
PART IV: The Constitution, Jefferson, War of 1812, Jackson
1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
~ Without suffering which leads to rebellion/questioning, nothing would get accomplished. Jefferson supported the ideas that if people didn’t rebel, it would sort have meant that the people didn’t care about their
2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
a. There was a conflict of classes
i. Between the working-class farmer, inner-city laborers, servant class, smaller merchants, free blacks AND the bourgeoisies, landed, slaveholding gentry, international merchants
b. Massachusetts passed a state constitution in 1780
i. Poor and middle class peoples were banned from voting g and holding office
c. As economy worsened, farms were taken to pay off debts
3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.
a. Congress would have two parts: House of Representatives and Senate.
b. Slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person towards the voting. Though they couldn’t actually vote.
c. The position of President and Executive Branch
4) What was the Virginia Plan?
~ New government in America, two Legislators; Judicial and Executive branches were chosen by Legislators
5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
~No slaves!
6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
a. Executive
i. Chooses Judicial
ii. Can veto laws
b. Legislative
i. Can override a veto with 2/3 of the votes
ii. Refuse the approve treaties
iii. Can question the Judicial
c. Judicial
i. Can declare what the President does illegal
ii. Can say that what Congress is doing is unconstitutional
7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
~John Jay
~Alexander Hamilton
~James Madison
~They wanted to convince the public that a strong central government was a good idea
8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
a. 1st Amendment
i. Separation of church and state
ii. Freedom to worship
iii. Freedom of speech and press
iv. Right to assemble and petition for charges
b. 2nd Amendment
i. Right to bear arms
c. 3rd Amendment
i. Soldiers can’t be housed in a private home without the consent of the owner
d. 4th Amendment
i. Right to be free from unreasonable seizure and search
e. 5th Amendment
i. Laws about prosecuting including jury rights/duties
f. 6th Amendment
i. Right to a speedy public trial in district where crime was committed
g. 7th Amendment
i. Guarantees trial by jury
h. 8th Amendment
i. Prohibits cruel and unusual punishments
i. 9th Amendment
i. Defines the rule of the construction of the Constitution
j. 10 Amendment
i. Guarantees any powers not specifically delegated to federal governments or to the states rests with the people and states
1. Depending on the situation
9) Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)?
~Mainly white land owning males
~Each state had their own voting laws though
10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?
Madison and Jefferson agreed to Hamilton's plan to get the country out of debt, but they had to agree to move the capitol to the southern states
11) What did Jay's Treaty do?
It forced the British soldiers to leave America
12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
~Backwoods farmers on the frontier of Western Pennsylvania protested against the large taxes on whiskey
~Washington went out with 13,000ish men and stopped the farmers from rebelling
13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
~Two Republican/anti-federalist, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, tied in votes
~House of Representatives had to decide who won
~Jefferson assured the Representatives that he would uphold many of the Federalist's ideas, laws, and recommendation.
14) Who was John Marshall?
~Adam's secretary of state
~Supreme Justice Chief
~Was the first to say Congress was being unconstitutional
15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
~ They didn’t have a ton of money and Napoleon wanted a piece of the new world. In the end he decided the money was more important
16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
Jefferson sent them west of the Applications to get into the fur trade, retrieve information on the land, trade with the natives, and feel out political and military uses of the land
17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
~ Hamilton used his political influence to become Governor of New York which defeated and angered Burr
~ I don’t think that what he did was completely wrong. Anything goes when you want to win.
~ The ordeal ended when Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel; during which Burr shot and fatally wounded Hamilton18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
~ He tried to get all the Indians together to form an alliance. He almost pulled it off.
20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
~ The treaty doesn't do anything. It forms boundaries for the Oregon Country and between Canada and the US.
~And Washington D.C. is burned. When your capitol gets burned, you don’t really gain anything.
22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
~ January 1815.
~ The British outnumbered the Americans
~ Americans only had 8 casualties compared to Britain’s over 2000 casualties
~ Said to be one of the most lopsided American victories in history
23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
1823
~ Declared that the United States would not tolerate intervention in the Americans by European Nations.
~ Becomes a tool in the 20th century: No one but the United States could meddle with internal affairs in the
Western Hemisphere.
24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
~ 1820
~ Missouri was to be a slave state but anything north of Missouri's southern border could not be a slave state.
25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
~Person who wins the election of 1824 doesn't become President.
~ Jackson didn't have majority of the votes. The voting went to the house.
~Henry Clay of KY decided to support John Quincy Adams as president
= Adams elected Clay to be Secretary of State when he won the votes of the house
- People thought that this avoided the voting which many people disagreed with26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
a. Adulterer
b. Murderer
c. Orphan
d. Horseracing Man
e. Frontiersman
f. War Hero
g. Indian Fighter
h. Native Hater
He wasn’t an Indian Hater. He knew what he wanted and would stop at nothing to get what he wanted.
b. He was called King Long Knife
c. In 1814 he fought in the Creek War
i. He took land away from the Creek Natives by using the Cherokee people against them
d. In 1819 he fought in a small illegal war in Florida
i. Killed many natives and destroyed lots of Spanish forts
1. Which forced the Spanish to sell Florida to America
e. His presidential policy instructed America to remove all Natives form their lands and place them elsewhere.
28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
a. Jackson is worshiped by the common people because his presidency, opinions and political party were all in line with the wishes of the middle-class people
b. Most important president after Washington & Jefferson
29) Name the 1st seven Presidents of the United States
1) George Washington ~ VP-John Adams
2) John Adams ~ VP-Thomas Jefferson
3) Thomas Jefferson ~ VP-Aaron Burr/George Clinton
4) James Madison ~ VP- George Clinton/Elbridge Gerry
5) James Monroe ~ VP- Daniel D. Tompkins
6) John Quincy Adams ~ VP- John C. Calhoun
7) Andrew Jackson ~ VP-John C. Calhoun/Martin Van Buren
War of 1812
1) Importance of Fort McHenry.
Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner there
2) Burning of D.C. by the British.
3) Battle of Plattsburg
4) Battle of New Orleans
5) Native Defeats: Tecumseh and the Creeks (Battle of Thames and Horseshoe Bend).
Chapter 11 Questions (PAY ATTENTION TO ANDREW JACKSON)
1) Discuss the following during Jackson administration:
a) The changes in voting policies
b) The Spoils System
c) Changes in the electoral college
d) The fight between State Rights and the Central Government (think about the Tariff Debate, the Issue of Nullification, John C. Calhoun and the threat of secession). How do these issues foreshadow the Civil War?
2) Describe the Cherokee removal from their lands. Make sure you include the following:
a) How the Cherokee lived in 1830.
b) The previous treaties made to the Cherokee by the U.S. Government.
c) The Cherokee suing the state government and the ruling in the Supreme Court by John Marshall.
d) Andrew Jackson's reaction to John Marshall.
e) General Winfield Scott's role.
f) The Trail of Tears.
3) Discuss Jackson's fight against the Bank of the United States.
a) What were his arguments against the bank?
b) How does he win against the bank?
Possible Essay Questions for Test:
4) Be able to trace self-government and democracy from Virginia Plantation to the Jacksonian Era. Make sure you include reasons why self-government was important to the early colonies (and the earliest examples of colonists self-government), how the local governments come to have a separation of church and state, control of education, contain ideas of freedom of the press; how the French and Indian War was influence by the colonial self-government and how this begin the Revolution; the ideas found in the Declaration, Bill of Rights, and the fight between the ideas of State rights and a Strong Central Government; and who got to vote and how these voters expanded during Jackson's reign.
5) Be able to trace the idea of the American Dream or the Image of what it means to be an American from the Virginia Plantation, to Plymouth Rock and the North Colonies, to the ideas of expansion, the Revolution, and the ideas of the self-made man. Be sure to include: Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, the ideas of the Revolution, and the Louisiana Purchase.
6) Discuss the role of slavery and its growth from its inception in 1619 through 1830. Make sure you bring up the following: the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, the Constitution, the Compromise of 1820, Jackson's invasion of Florida, the difference between North and South economies.
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