·
Amendments
15-19
o 15th
– Prohibits the denial of suffrage based of race or previous condition of
servitude
o 16th
– Allows the federal government to collect income tax
o 17th
– Establishes the direct election of US Senators by popular vote
o 18th
_ Prohibition of alcohol
o 19th
– Establishes women’s suffrage
·
What is
important about Henry Ford? How did he change America?
o Henry
Ford
§ First
person to effectively use the assembly line
§ Was
able to mass produce cars effectively, efficiently, and cheaply
§ Raised
his workers pay so they would be able to afford cars
o He
made cheap cars that everyone could afford
o Road
system came to be
·
What is
important about Charles Lindbergh? How did he symbolize the times?
o First man
to fly solo across the Atlantic
o Became a
national hero
o Entire
country rallied in support/proudness behind him
o The event
wasn’t amazingly significant, but the nationalism and patriotism it inspired in
American it was
·
What were
"pool operators" and how were they crooked?
o Political
Bosses
o They
gained voted for their parties by doing favors for people
§ Turkey
dinners
§ Summer
boat rides
§ Providing
jobs for immigrants
§ Helping
needy families
o
·
How were
stocks inflated? How did this cause the crash?
o Newer thing
– at least for the general public
o People
were buying stocks for companies that weren’t actually off the ground
o You
didn’t have to pay it directly
§
You could paid a percentage
·
10-20%
o Crash
§
A lot of people were buying stock on a
margin, there would eventually be a problem
§
·
What was
Black Thursday and Black Tuesday?
o Thursday
§ October
24, 1929
§ The
day that panicked traders sold almost 13 million shares
§ The
day the stock market began to crash
o Tuesday
§ October
29, 1929
§ More
than 16 million shares had changed hands and stock prices had plummeted
§ The
stock market had officially crash
o Stock
prices fell and in five days, over 29 million shares were sold
·
What was
Hoover's view of Government relief programs?
o He
believed that relief programs were communistic and socialistic
o Business
would rewrite its self
§ They
would be able to pull themselves out of the Depression
·
What was
the "Bonus Army"? What did it do? What happened to it?
o Jobless
WWI veterans wanted their promised $1,000 bonuses right away (instead of in
1945)
o So
they marched to Washington D.C. and camped out
§ They
were forced out of D.C. by violence
§ They
were denied their money
·
What happened
during the "Hundred Days"?
o His
first hundred days in office
§ He
sent 15 proposals to Congress and everyone was passed
o A
special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his programs to
attempt to rebuild the country
o Laws:
§ Civilian
Conservation Corps
§ Tennessee
Valley Authority
§ Federal
Emergency Relief Administration
§ Agricultural
Adjustment Administration
§ National
Recovery Administration
§ Public
Works Administration
§ Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation
§ Rural
Electrification Administration
§ Works
Progress Administration
§ Social
Security Act
§ Farm
Security Administration
§ Fair
Labor Standards Act
·
What was
the WPA and what did it do?
o Works
Progress Administration
o
Employed millions of unskilled workers to
carry out public works projects
·
What were
some programs set up during the Depression that are still with us today?
o Social
Security Act
o Government
Insured Banks
o
o Fair
Labor Standards Act
·
What were
Roosevelt's FIRESIDE CHATS and why did they become important?
o His
radio discussions
§ He
would sit by the fire and talk about his views on the radio
· Most
people would listen to them by the fire too
o The
people felt like they were talking to the people directly
o Roosevelt
is the first president to use mass media to get his ideas across to the nation
§ People
could hear the president speak without having to attend the speech
o They
were confident builders
§ During
the depression his chats lifted people’s spirits and let them know that the
government was working to fix the economy
§ They
let people know that they would get through this together
·
Discuss the
philosophical reasons World War I began.
o Serbian
search for independence
o Nationalism
·
What was
the initial spark that began World War I?
o The
assassination of Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
§ He
was murdered by a Serbian
·
Who were
the allies? Who were the central powers?
o Allies:
§ British
§ French
§ United
States
§ Ireland
§ Portugal
§ Italy
§ Montenegro
§ Albania
§ Greece
§ Romania
§ Russia
(for awhile)
§ Cyprus
§ Japan
§ Serbia
o Central Powers:
§ Germany
§ Ottoman
Empire
§ Austria-Hungary
§ Bulgaria
·
List five
advancements in technology that lead to high causalities.
o Poisonous
Gas
o Tanks
o Airplanes
o Machine
guns
o German
U-Boats
·
Describe trench
warfare.
o You dig a
trench and hide in it and shoot at the opposing side
§ The trench
helped guaranty that your head wouldn’t get shot off as long as you stayed in
the trench.
o After
the Battle of the Marne, trench warfare was a major tactic used for the rest of
the war
·
What was
the Lusitania?
o British
passenger ship that the Germans torpedoed
§ Germans
thought that it was carrying weapons (later discovered that it was) and decided
to sink it
§ There
were 100 some American passengers on it
·
Why did
America eventually enter the war (list two reasons)?
o Zimmerman’s Telegram
§ The
Germans had tried to bribe the Mexican’s into fighting for them.
§ Germans
told the Mexicans that if they fought for the Germans, then they would be able
to get their land back that was lost to the Americans in the Mexican-American
War
o War
costs money!!
§ There
was an economic boom
·
When was
the Russian Revolution?
o March
1917
·
Discuss the
importance of the Battle of the Marne.
o September
5-12, 1914
o Marne
River a few miles east of Paris
o Saved
Paris from German invasion and boosted French morale
o Made
it clear that neither side was going to with the war easily or quickly
o Set
up trench warfare to be huge for the rest of the war
·
How did
World War I change the United States?
o The
US comes out economically stronger
§
o Emerges
from the war as one of the World Powers
§ Chooses
to remain normal
·
Discuss the
Treaty of Versailles. What did it do? Why did the U.S. reject it?
o June
28, 1919
o Germany
had to:
§ Accept
FULL responsibility for the war
§ Pay
billion of dollars in reparations to the Allies
§ Disarm
completely
§ Give
up its overseas colonies and some territory in Europe
o Carved
up the Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires to create new nations or restore
old ones
o US
Rejection
§ Some
Americans thought the treaty was too harsh
§ Henry
Cabot Lodge thought that if the US joined the League of Nations that American
troops and ships might be called to any part of the world by a nation other
than the US
·
Who was
Marcus Garvey? What were his ideas?
o Big
Black guy
o He
was born into a poor family from Jamaica to New York when he was in his 20s.
o He
wanted to send Black people BACK to Africa
§ The
KKK backed him up
· He
wanted to send the African American’s back to Africa OUT of America
·
How was
Harding's Presidency corrupt?
o After
he was president, he admitted that he didn’t know what he was doing
o He
appointed his buddies as his cabinet members
§ Ohio
Gang
o Harding
himself wasn’t corrupt but his buddies were
·
How did the
20s change America? (think consumer society, entertainment, sports, fashion,
politics)
o Prohibition
o Speakeasies
o Flappers
o Babe
Ruth
o Miss
America Pageant
o Tabloid-style
newspapers
o Movies
§ First
silent and then ‘talkies’
·
What was
the Harlem Renaissance? List three members. How did prohibition lead to the
raise of organized crime? Who was Al Capone?
o Harlem Renaissance
§ A
literary and cultural movement that began right after the end of WWI
§ Large
numbers of African Americans moved North in search of jobs and new
opportunities
§ African
Americans were encouraged to celebrate their heritage and to become “The New
Negro”
§
§ Members
· Langston
Hughes
· Countee
Cullen
o Some
of his poems question the b
· Claude
McKay
o Prohibition
§ Many
people started making wine or bathtub gin in their homes,
§ Speakeasies
came about
§ People
started bootlegging because they realized there was a lot of money that could
be made
o Al Capone
§ American
gangster
§ Bootlegger
§ Controlled
organized crime and local politics in Chicago
§
·
What was
the Dust Bowl?
o Drought
in the middle of the country!
o Hardest
hit areas were:
§ Western
Kansas
§ Western
Oklahoma
§ Northern
Texas
§ Eastern
Colorado
§ Eastern
New Mexico
o Farmers
used tractors and disc plows to clear millions of acre of sod for wheat farming
§
They didn’t know that the roots of the grass
had held the soil in place
§
During the severe drought when the crops
dried up, the soil dried up as well
§
Strong prairie winds blew the soil away too.
·
Discuss
entertainment during the 1930s?
o Silent
films
o Talkies
o Radio
shows
o Sports
radio shows
§ People
could hear the game without being there
·
Who was
Huey Long? What did he promise people?
o Senator
of Louisiana
o Started
out supporting FDR but then the men disagreed
o Share
Our Wealth Plan
§ Heavy
taxation of the rich
§ Make
sure every poor American a house, a car and yearly income of $2,500
o Polls
indicated that he may beat Roosevelt if he hadn’t been assassinated in 1935
·
How did
Roosevelt try and stack the Supreme Court?
o
He wanted to make it so there were 15 members of the Supreme Court
instead of 9
o
He would get to pick the other six members
o
To have majority vote, he would only need two people (other than 6 he
picked) to agree with him
